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THE FLORIST. 
first, and so on, till the tree is the desired height, about ten feet. The 
wire hoop, placed at the foot of each tree for fixing the branches, should 
be about 4 feet in diameter and fixed to stumps placed in the ground. 
After midsummer is the best time for bringing the shoots downwards, 
and during the summer remove all superfluous shoots, and stop the rest 
with the exception of the leaders. In about five years the trees will be 
complete, and when finished will form a pleasing object, and generally 
produce fine fruit with comparatively little trouble. There are some 
desirable advantages attending this mode of training fruit trees:— 
Firstly, they take but little room, and may be grown in the vegetable 
garden without injuring the crop by shade, which renders common 
standards so objectionable. Secondly, the fruit is large and finely 
flavoured, through exposure to the sun ; and lastly, it is secure from 
high winds. Plums and Apples will do very well trained in this 
manner. The former are very prolific and require but little attention 
after the tree is formed. They also look much better on the side of the 
walks in a garden than bush trees or espaliers. 
There is also another mode of growing conical standards, termed 
Pyramids (fig. 10), and is suitable for the Plum, Pear, Cherry, and the 
Apple. The principal thing to be observed in forming a tree of this 
description is to furnish the lower part of the stem with strong branches, 
to divert the flow of sap from the centre part of the tree ; the leading 
shoot is kept erect by tying to a stake, and the side shoots regulated by 
pruning. When the tree is formed, and of the desired height, constant 
stopping of the terminal shoots is required to preserve its shape, and 
occasional root pruning to keep i{ within bounds and fruitful. 
For this and all other modes of fancy training, avoid, as far as 
possible, the planting of sirong growing sorts, but rather choose those 
of moderate growth and fruitful habit. The following kinds are among 
the best for the purpose : In Pears, the Marie Louise, Beurre Ranee, 
Williams’s Bon Chretien, Winter Nelis, Passe Colmar, Fondant 
d’Automne, Seckle, Althorp Crassane, Louise Bonne (of Jersey), 
Easter Beurre, Baronne de Mello, and others of similar growth. In 
Plums, the Jefferson, Reine Claude Violette, Orleans (Wilmot’s), 
Victoria, Fotheringham, and Golden Drop. Cherries (as pyramids), 
the Elton, May Duke, Royal Duke, Black Tartarian, Adam’s Crown, 
and the Black Eagle. 
In the Royal Gardens at Frogmore, Pears and Apples are largely 
grown on covered trellises, which is a mode of pendulous training 
adopted when the garden was first made, and forms a nice finish to the 
vegetable quarters in the centre of the garden. It is found to answer 
