AUGUST. 
2 2d 
stock of close affinity to itself it will last almost as long as upon its own 
roots. 
Climate and soil have also a very great influence upon the healthiness 
of a tree. Many of our best Apples and Pears have originated in 
countries much warmer than ours, consequently, when introduced into 
the climate of England, they are constitutionally unfit to bear its 
vicissitudes. The same may be said in regard to those which originate 
in northern climes, and are transferred to warmer ones. These also are 
causes we are told which produce deterioration. 
Pyrus. 
ON IRRIGATION. 
England has the character of having a wet climate, especially by 
our neighbours on the Continent: but notwithstanding the quantity of 
rain which falls, and which is usually ample for general purposes, the 
culture of many garden crops will be much improved by having 
recourse to artificial modes of supplying plants with water. 
To grow such vegetables as Cauliflowers, Lettuce, Spinach, Rhubarb, 
Celery, Globe Artichokes, Radishes, and Peas, during the heat of 
summer, on dry soils, in great perfection, is almost an impossibility— 
try how you will. It is well known that the quality of" these pro¬ 
ductions—their size, crispness, or succulency—all depend on their 
growing quickly, facilitated by an abundant supply of water ; and 
knowing the expense of manual labour for watering, I made an 
attempt, two years back, to supply water to my grounds from® a 
reservoir or pond, which I had at a sufficient elevation for my purpose. 
I may add that my soil is of a sandy, light nature, resting on gravel. 
I found I could not well arrange the details from the pond direct, so I 
made a second reservoir by placing an old double butt in a position 
that commanded part of the crops which I wished to irrigate, and when 
these were done I moved it to another point. To this butt the water 
was conveyed from the pond by gutta percha tubing, which supplied 
itself by a ball-cock; a tap was inserted at the bottom of the 
butt, to which additional tubing was screwed, and carried to the 
different crops, stopping at the highest part of the land, from whence it 
was allowed to flow down as far as it would, when it was shifted, so as 
to spread the wafer as evenly as possible over the roots. As time was 
an object I made no difference, applying it even during hot sunshine, 
and giving them a thorough soaking twice a week while the crops 
were growing. The expense of tubing was not much more than water- 
pots would have cost me. The extraordinary luxuriance of my crops sub¬ 
ject to this system is the admiration of every one; Lettuces and Radishes 
which formerly were scarcely eatable, are now tender and crisp during 
weather hot and dry as it has been of late, and almost grow too large. 
There is a great advantage in irrigating Peas, which on my soil, after June, 
were of small account, as the haulm turned yellow quickly, and after a 
few gatherings they were done. Last year (a wet one) I subjected a 
