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arranged in such a manner that one-half of the tree does not interfere 
with the other, but be well balanced with shoots of the same strength, 
so that a uniform growth and an equal flow of sap may be ensured 
throughout the entire tree. 
Fig. 14 represents a tree trained in the fan form, modified to suit 
the Pear and the Apple. The upright stem is about two feet high, 
from which the main branches or leaders are trained, five on each side, 
and put into the position they are to remain in the future tree. All 
subordinate shoots should be trained on the upper side of the principal 
branches, so as to fill the space between the leaders, and keep one branch 
from interfering with another. For this manner of training, choose 
a young tree from the nursery, with three shoots, two of which will 
form the lower branches, and be trained in without shortening, so that 
the lower branches are in advance of the upper ones, which will have 
a tendency to divert the flow of sap from the upper part of the tree, 
and cause an equal growth. The centre shoot should be cut down to 
three buds, to furnish other three shoots, which will form the second 
pair of leaders ; and by stopping the centre shoot during the next 
summer’s growth, the remaining three pairs of leaders may probably 
be secured ; this done, allow all the leaders to grow without shortening, 
with the exception of any that are likely to be in advance of the others ; 
if so, pinch out the points during the summer’s growth. Select the 
side shoots as the tree advances, stopping all others that are not required 
to furnish the wall; and when the tree has covered the allotted space 
stop the leading branches in summer. Cherries will also do well when 
trained in this manner, and may be managed precisely in the same 
way. 
Nothing can possibly be better than the fan form for training the 
Peach, Plum, and the Apricot, all of which produce the finest fruit 
from shoots of one and two years’ growth ; therefore, a system where 
the bearing wood can be easily replaced at certain periods, without 
