ON ETHNOGRAPHICAL PHILOLOGY. 
201 
Future. 
S. ngi yarkrungen, / shall be, PI. Dginde narkrupgen, ive shall he. 
DgoVarkrungen, thou shall, ^c. ngonda ngarkruiigen.ye shall be, 
BgQ arkruDgen, he shall be. agenda karkruiigen, they shall be. 
Pronouns. 
a. The personal pronouns are— 
ngi, I. ngindc, tee. 
ngo, thou. ngonda, you. 
ngu, he, she. ngenda, they. 
b. The possessive pronouns are enelitic 
ring, my. 
rong, thy. ron, your. 
rung, Aw, her. ren, their. 
c. TTie demonstrative pronoun is— 
re, this, enclitic, appearing in the forms rean, reki, reanen, reanenki. 
d. The interrogative pronoun is doAi ? who? n£? where? nyaA? how? 
Numbers. 
I- into. 2. “.rho, 3. nd^td- 4- ar“pi. 
Nouns. 
There is no declension of substantives in cases; but the cases are expressed 
Jiy prepcsitions or postpositions, or by possessive pronouns. 
Ihe Genitive, for instance, is sometimes expressed by the possess, pron. 
rung, &c., as in the following case i^Mat Dos^hre rung iny'.n menam 
boriafldi 
’file dative and accus, are expressed by the jircp. and postp. da. 
The abl. of the instr. by the postp. men. 
The plural is fornted by preiixiiig to the noun the consonants A, yt e, h, 
and perhaps others. A rule for the choice of them I do not know. 1 fand 
the plur. fruit, for ex. lvafH,yaj'H, saftt \ men, thing, plur. htmen, 
into, one, pi. hinta, sinta, hinta, dyitita ; the latter two forms bear tlie 
2istk of inclinatioD to the first letter of the substantive. 
utru, pi. hadg hutrun ; dyigat, girl, forms its plur. ngingat ; but I do 
not believe that this is the only plural form in use. 
The plural is often expressed by doubling the substantives. In a speci- 
Ben of the language is to bo found such a case:— -fd fddanau k\in'’.l6 hie 
hria, lit. tree tree upon red had not grown. 
Prepositions an» Postpositions. 
a prep, meaning o/^,a&otic,owr; efototi, of the people, over the people. 
^a~aa prepos. and dan as postp. has many meanings; of, from, upon, at, 
in, by, over, whilsitfor, before, with, lii'sidcs, it serves to express the 
Native and accusative, and by thesame a good many adverbs are formed. 
■^ 0 — postp. ; towards, to, at. 
IkUng^^osXy.i upon, over, thereupoiu 
•Voi— .post}).: toith ; also used to express the ablative of the instrument. 
•Tjwi—posip. : of, from. 
As my brother did in the Galla language, I hope myself to discover in the 
Tumali the rule according to which a primitive verb has the property ot pro- 
ducing, by affixing syllalues or by altering the ending of the root, new 
»hich are different niodiftcations of the primitive signification of the radical 
vord. Indications for the existence of such a rule are- 
% i^rna, I stand. 
ya*mindi, I make to stand, I cause to stand, I put (causative f.)» 
