232 
REPORT—1847. 
the Iiistory of nations and of mankind from many oilier quarters. Itderins 
information from the works of ancient historians, and still more from tk 
study of languages and tlieir aflfiliations. The history of languages, indeai, 
greatly extended as it has been in late times, has furuished unexpected re¬ 
sources for the improvement of ethnology, M'hich could hardly have advano'l 
a few stepu without such aid. As geology would have been a bairen al 
uninteresting study, and uncertain in most of its results without the aii 
which ihe study of organic remains ha* unexpectedly afforded, serviogi- 
identify geological formations and to connect particular series of roek* will 
periods in the world's history ; so it lias been through discoverie> in ihei*- 
ialions of languages that the ethnologist is enabled to trace alliaiicta be**rt» 
nations seatU‘i*ed ov’er distant regions of the earth, of whose connections will 
each other he would have had no idea without such evidence. 
In the hope of illustrating the view of this subject which 1 have ite 
pointed out, I shall now take a brief survey of the whole field of these 
searches, and shall endeavour to form some idea of the resources which 
department of knowledge is capable of furnishing towards the advanccnwi 
of ethnology. But here, in the outset, I inu*t crave the indulgence of ihi*'’ 
who arc already conversant with tho Iiistory and progress of this scieflK- 
since it will be inipossible for me to accomplish the task which 1 have under¬ 
taken without saying much that must to such persons be already well 
and familiar. 
au inti nrst place, I slmll advert to the aids which the study oJiwk 
nature, or of the organized world, has furnished in aid of these inquiries 
Ihe assistance of anatomy is obviously indispensable in the prowotit® 
ethnological inquiries. Many writers, indeed, seem to have regardi'ieti- 
nolOfrv flS i>nna>dtinra 11.. _ i* .t ,■ . ..__ xlil&M? 
'■’a 
races 
nogicaX inquiries. Many writers, indeetl, seem to have regardtud" 
:y ns consu-ting principally of the comparative anatomy of dilf*"* 
races of men, and they have devoted ihoir attention almost excliisndr* 
diversities m anatomical structures supposed to distinguish particular tnw 
i he first attempt to point out such distinctive characters on any srieo*'^ 
method 'vas that of the celebrated anatomist Camper. Every ouu kn^ 
that the (listingui.shing character pointed out bv this writer was foundt^oi 
the shajicot the skull and the measurement of the facial angle. The l«c« 
angle oi Camper is Incimled between two lines, one of which is drawn fn» 
passage ot the oar to the basis of the nose, and the other is a line skioux 
Oft trom the forehead to the mouth, or rather to the most advanced po'Oi® 
was thought to afford a measure of the 
Stil size of the corresi»^ 
examinnt* >raiii. Camper, who had withiD his reach very' few 
cW?Th' of different extent in 
meZ,L that skulls of Europeans, wbea iW 
S nf ' oC a Kalinuk one of 75». ^ 
head in u 1 observed that there are forms 
and otL« • ’ to be greater than it is in the 
thaVfi U • the SVgro. Those which have it ^ 
heads nf Cr" amounts to 90 ^ are 
6ku U fn ‘-•=‘«ting in nature; and thefi^t 
hes ^^.,^1 Negro are those of 
acco^JtnHv ‘'y en 63°. or 60^ t 
Ste th'^ skuUs of Kegr‘>«« TiC. 
Ihitin thi< of the European man and that of the 
are coniLn-d 'T supposed gradation exists o«'y (gc'. 
-^ftcr the "‘Pantile form, or before dentition is co^ 
Ptriod of dentition, when the jaws have obtained their ful> 
