ON ETHNOLOGY. 
263 
Tbus the desiderata of Bacon, and the general plan and fundamental views 
of Leibnitz had been carried out, in the course of our century, to a con¬ 
siderable degree. By a rare combination of philosophical thought, of phi- 
loit^ical accuracy, and of linguistic research, a method bad been established 
for analysing a given language and detecting its affinities with another of the 
tame familv. By this process, in the Semitic, and still more so in the 
Japhetic languages, the general observations of preceding philosophers on 
the characteristics and the relative advantages or imperfections of the lan¬ 
guages of mankind had become entirely obsolete, being partly incomplete, 
Ssiukrit- Creek. 
Latin. 
Gothk. 
Old ni^i 
Oermsu. 
IL—1. Tvam (thou) 
rv 
tu 
thu 
du. 
Tam (^n) 
TOV 
is-tum 
thana 
den. 
Trayas (ihren) 
TpsU 
erepoi 
Ires 
threis 
drt. 
Aotm (other) 
alter 
anlhar 
andar. 
11.—2. Dantam (tooth, acc.) 
bSovra 
dentem 
thuutu.s 
aand. 
Dvau (two) 
Svo 
duo 
tvai 
xuene. 
Daxina (right band) 
le^ia 
dextra 
taihsTo 
zesawa. 
Uda (water) 
aSup 
tmda 
vatfi 
wazar. 
U.— 3. Duhitrl (daughtf^) 
Bvydnip 
daiihtar 
tohtar. 
Bvsr (doorl 
Afadhu (sweet) 
Qvpa 
peBv 
Kviav 
fores 
daur 
tor. 
meto. 
Ill.—1. Cvan (dog) 
cams 
bunths 
hund. 
Hrid (hart) 
KapSia 
cor (dis) 
hairtd 
hiirza. 
Akscha (eye) 
5ko9 
oculus 
augO 
ouga. 
A?ni (tear) 
SdKpv 
1 
lacryma 
tagr 
zabar. 
Pa 9 u (cattle) 
f (German 
pecuB 
faibu 
vihu. 
SvafuraK Schwaher, 
>eKvp6t 
socer 
svaibra 
euchUT. 
L bebwager) 
Da^an (ten) 
ScKa 
dccem 
taihun 
zeban. 
HI.—2. jrifi(toknow) 
yvUipt 
gnoBCO 
kan 
chan. 
Jati (Idn) 
yevot 
yovv 
peyas 
xhv 
xOes 
genus 
kuni 
chuni. 
Jauu (knee) 
genu 
kniu 
chniu. 
Mabat (much) 
tnagQUS 
mik Is 
mihil 
ul'“3. Hausa (goose) 
anser 
gans 
kans. 
Hyas (yesterday) 
heri 
gistra 
kestar. 
Lih (to lick) 
Xeixw 
lingo 
laigS 
lekdm. 
The lithuanian follows generally the three old languages, Sanskrit, Greek and La^, 
paly substituting, £rom its deficiency in aspirates, unaspirated for aspirated letters, lor 
iaitBQce 
S&nikrit. LitliuuiBn. 
Ratha (waggon) 
Ka (who ?) 
Dadami (I give) 
Pati (master) 
Panchan (five) 
Trayas (three) 
rata (wheel), 
ka (who?) 
dumi. 
pats (husband). 
penkL 
trys. 
A few irregnlarities occur, such as Sanikrit nekha (n^) and Lithuanian noffos, and not 
a* it ought to he, according to the geiieral law. _ , _ .. 
The also ranges with the Sanskrit, Greek imd Latin, only that g , • v 
tuphonic Uwn tenues arc sometimes cliangcd into aspirates by a following letter, m 
it eoincides apparently with the Gotme. nf 
In ibe languages aiiove coinnarisi there occur irrcgularitien as to the disp 
only in the mUVdle and at the end of words. Thus the Latin paier, ought to oe 
Cotiuc /athrem (parenU), and the Old High German vad^, mitesd of^^« • 
TIhu the Gothic fidvor, instead of fthvor (quatuor) : Latin ajiw, V'lthic s ^ . 8 
GennanWrif*, etc. Nor do the gnimtnatica! inflexions always 'ha„s± 
oMince, the Uiin Aaiel, and Gothic luibtitk, is in Old High Gcnnan 
At the beginuiug of words the Isw above exhibited U vrithout exception for » 
ud Qothic. 
