292 
REPORT-1847. 
and space, and inwardly of quality, action, direct and fj 
other categories of existence ; finally, ot the copula, or that act of the mi 
by which a proposition and even a word is formed. 
'Hie second is, that every language extant is born out of 
another. This forms the basis upon which the 
or, as it were, the substratnin or humus for tlie new formancm. A"® 
a new language pre-supposcs the death of an old o(i& 
without a great crisis in the tnbe or nation which speaks it. 1 liw ere ^ 
be a great physical revolution, or a voluntary change of coualrj J 
gration, or a dissolution of the ancient form of political societj ) 
human force, by invasion, conquest, subjogatinu. A new 
new nation are so far identical, as a new language cannot _ 
the dissolution of an ancient nationality. A new nationality cena^j . 
rise out of an old one without the creation ol a ^ 
there will always be in the new nationality a cause of a slower and 
or of quicker and accelerated development of the old language; 
The third phenomenon is, that every new langua^ consists in i 
least two ditferent eleimuits or formations,—the tradilionarj' old on > 
new, till* produce of the crisis. Wc shall call the -jj)^ 
maiion, the other the secojidarf/. But this position la cquivalen 
guages, except the lirst and second, to this formula: 
necessarily three elements, — the secondary formatiou, that by win 
a new language out of a kindred older one,—the primary . Ljiitr 
living roots of that, older language, — and finally, the deposit, or 
was tlic ju'imary formation of the same older language. 
Generalizing this fact, wc may arrive at an algebraic formn ’ n 
the older language A, all Hiiterior formations a?, the 
dUtingui.shing in every one of these three formations the two 
component parts as h and a ; finally, designating the number 0 
formation of a and h, by ti ; wc arrive at the following expression. 
B=&d-«+a^ 
X =M. (fl+i). 
Therefore, B=s6. (a-p6). ■ 
I’OHrthh/. We found that the principle of secondary 
stronger, tlie less development there is in the basis; and must be 
the more that basis was developed. •rigsKS?® 
J^ij'thly, That the sccondaiy formation is the weakest where 1 
by a continual influx of an extraneous element. 
Sixthly. The extraneous element wdll never intrude into the 
only into the lexicographic part. ore«^ 
Strcitihhf. All secondary formations are the less organic, the m 
the transition has been from one stage to another. f 
Juffhthly. Colonization may often preserve the ancient form of t 
of the mother-country. . 
jMuthli/. Tho Chinese language presents a formation - 
with all others hitherto examined ; and its peculiarity does not so ^ ^ . 
sist in its monosyllabic character, as in the circumstance that ^ i 
presents an implicit sentence, not divided in its component logi«« 
sen'cs therefore, according to its position and accent, someti®^ 
stantive or adjective, and sometimes as a verb. 
As to the second, the philosophical inquiry, we found tha 
menu are explained as the manifestations of a general law. 
this, wn established the following axioms:— 
