ON ETHNOLOGY. 
317 
Eg. rar, i^hild. 
— man, to go. 
— man, rock, stone. 
— ev, to be thirsty. 
neb, every one. 
— neb, lord. 
ma, place. 
Jr. ail, child. ( W. eil, God. 762). 
W. myii-ed. 
— maen; /r. main (colLZrat.mcenia; 
Hebr. e-ben). 
— yv-cd, to drink (coll. Lat. 
eb“r-ius). 
— neb, whatever. 
— uev (God. 151), nav, lord. 
nia, yhiec. 
Secondly, to ijereral incidental roots of great import in the etymological 
department: e. g. 
3 pers. masc. Eg. ef, o; W. ev, o. 
3 pers. suffix. Eg. f (su-f, he goes) ; W. f (ai-fF). 
2 pers. wasc. singular and plural Eg. k (ai-k, thou goesl) ; W. ch (ae-ch, 7 /o?< 
xoere going)', ol-och, tfom didst go. 
Indefinite auxiliary verb. Eg. ur, ati (aj- ai*f ); W. yr, a (yr ai-ff). 
Thirdly, to the system of combining, in the fonii of suffixes, the personal 
pronouns with the prepositions, a usage similar to that which prevails in the 
Hebrew, where personal pronouns are suffix<!(l to sulwtantive nouns, but 
winch is njoro remarkable in a linguistical ]>oint of view, inasmuch as it im¬ 
plies the consciousness of the primitive meaning of piepositions, which was 
always that of substantive nouns ; e. g. 
I^g- (a)r-o{, ar*o, (ownrd him. W. ar-n-o (the n is genitive pre¬ 
position)) upo/i hifn. 
— (a)r-ok, towards thee. — er-och, towards you. 
— (a)u-r)k, about (kee. —. anwlaii-och, 
— lna.k,bcforethy face,before thee. — rhagHX'h, it/orc 
Fourthly and piincipully, it refers to the expressing incidental notions by 
roots, in the cliaractor of separate and independent words, which are used in 
Sanscrit to <‘xpres8 the same notions, but as suffixes and prefixes, and in a 
much more limited signification. — Thus, in the conjugation of the verb, the 
three persons, which llic Sanscrit regularly expresses by the personal pro¬ 
nouns combmod, under the form of suffixes, with the verbal root, are ex- 
pressed in Celtic soniutimcs in the same way, but in other eases by the same 
pronominal roots under the form of eeimratc auxiliary words, which may be 
placed indifferently either before or aller the verbal root: a flexibility of 
exprt^ion to which the Egyptian supplies a parallel, the use of the pronoun, 
^ belonging to the sacred, and as prejix to the demotic (popular) dia¬ 
lect of tins language ; c. 
Eg. sacred dialect, ai-f. ai-k, ai-a (it, is, oo). 
— demotic clialect, cj'-ai, ek-ai. ei-ai. 
tv. can-a-pi (Godod. 612) or carn-a^v (canam), 
— fcn-«-t(i) (canes), ca^i-o (ccciuerit), 
— can-er vi, ti, evo (canor, caneris, canitur). 
— canu yr wyv (caricre sum) alternating with can-wyv (cano). 
/. can-rtim (cano); can-t-arn/e (canor). 
Thus the Welsh indefinite auxiliary verb u, to go, to be, which, even as the 
corr^ponding Egyptian an (Coptic o), is placed before substantive verbs 
(verba concreta) to mark the indefinite mood, appears in Sanscrit and Greek 
as the well-known e. g. IFiffeA, a ddysg-odd, he did teach-, Sanx. 
a-dik8,-a-ta; 
i-**!?® « faf « he knows, to imUcate this oririn 
^ ; * •u^iont, in an miclc on two ancient Italian inscriptions (inserted in the iKnchner 
Gelehrtc Ansetgen, April, 1845) and afterwards in the Wimer Jahrbikhcr. 
