344 
REPOBT—1847. 
see that at the same time, when by a frequently repeated perception of the 
difTerent kind of “being,” the mind arrived at the general idea of* being's 
its purest sense, (as copula) without the admixture of any determinative «• 
trii)utes, the language by the frequently repeated use of words, which origio- 
ally expreswd different kinds of specific being, forgot, if we may be allo«J 
the expression, the distinctive character of being, represented by them, aad 
took them in the general meaning of being without attributes. TbusktAkl 
that verbs, which signified properly to stay, to sit, to grort, to arifc, tou is 
lime their speafic meaning, and expressed often, instead of the situatioa of 
smyiiig or sitting, situation or existence in general, and instead oflheaciof 
growing and arising, action in general. It is in this way that thedifferetw 
of meaning which, by careful attention and a fine feeling for language, cm 
often be perceived between the different auxiliary verbs, must be accounicJ 
for ; and thiia we sec in Bengali also tliat the verb Achi, I am, cognaw »« 
is with tt verbal radical signifying to sit, has retained something ofitiprimuy 
meaning, and implies always mere existence or existence in reference » 
mcality, while^ the other auxiliary verb, hay, 1 am (the same as the Saniaii 
hhu, Greek Latin fui), Jmving the primitive meaning of to grow, o 
drive or to arise, signifies rather to become than to be. Ex. 
kri^ htiiydcita, you have become a little thin; though very often it is butlk 
mere verbal copula, aa tint jfiaTuivdn han, he is wise; agva pafu hay, the how 
IS an animal. The other auxiliary verb Achi, on the contrary, is well »• 
ployed in phrases like—is he (alive) or is he dead? tiwAchen kimiriyioixt' 
God IS for ever, i^var sarvakcil deken. Is he at home ? tint ki gbare dckei. 
By means of the verb dc/ii, four perinlirastical tenses are formed. £*• 
ample: 
kante, present participle, doing. 
karitechi, I am doing. 
kaTitechildtn, I was doing. 
kariyd, past adverb, having done. 
kariydchi, I Iiave done (having ilone, I am). 
kff’fiydchildm, I had done* (having done, I was). 
)C meaning of these four tenses is evident by their origin. 
.f „ ^omg, describes an action which continue 
1 was doing, an action, continued in a t*®'* 
V;‘- ^ u another action ; as, I was doing when facarri«i 
^ 7 implies an action accomplished at the moment 
ifiTrlL ^ \ I bad done, an action finished in a past time *^0 
relercnce to another action. 
there is no distinctive form for thesnbjunctive present, but 
•tiiKiii though the character of the phrase may rei}«it< * 
subjunctive form; or rather tJie whole character of the phrase and the 
lanm bot the same in Bengali oilacibfi 
to »'''bch, by a change in the form of the verb, are enabled 
in tlln . • particularshade. TJie conditional rehtwn^ 
a mnrn himself in Bengali insensibly changed 
when mdra, tave dmi iridriva, word (or w^ 
-r ^ yadi dmi tomdr pitd hay, dmdtr f<^ 
van .tIso In. n‘ father, you roustrespect me. Tlie ]>artwi* ^ 
beat* I <• ■(, ”n dmi aiarit-a, you beat, then 1 
begins* tlif nr.^ * • ^ Sometimes tave also, which list’d. 
beat. 1 sh^n } r* Ex. iumi mdra, dmi mdriva, yo« 
’ * ^balJ beat,should you beat. I shall beat. 
