150 
THE ORDER OF COLEOPTERA. 
ing covered with little elevated points or granulations. This is the part 
to which the term cicatrix is applied. Another character, valuable for 
its permanency, is the openness, or the closure, of the middle cotyloid 
cavity. The cotyloid cavity is the hollow in which the coxa is situated. 
In some of the longicornes the posterior angle of the mesosternum is 
prolonged backwards till it nearly touches the anterior angle of the 
metasternum, and thus closes the cotyloid cavity on its outer side. In 
this case the epimeron of the mesothorax is usually narrow, and does 
not reach the cotyloid cavity. In others, the posterior angle of the 
mesosternum is but slightly prolonged backwards, leaving the cotyloid 
cavity open on the outer side. In this case the epimeron of the meso- 
thorax is larger and extends inwards, so that its inner extremity, which 
is often somewhat widened, fills the gap between the angles of the meso- 
and metasterna. This description will be better understood by referring 
to the figure of Harpalus, on page 27. 
Family LX. CERAMBYCIDA:. 
The long-horned wood-borers constitute one large natural family of 
beetles, named after the genus Cerambyx, an ancient Greek name for 
some kind of long horned beetle, and applied by Linnaeus to the insects 
of this family. 
They are divisible into four sub-families, which may be distinguished 
as follows : 
A. Head horizontal or inclined; last joint of palpi not long and pointed ; anterior 
till® without furrow. Larva- six footed. 
B. Head inserted in the thorax ; eyes deeply notched or horse-shoe shaped ; ante- 
rior cox* not prominent. Larva with the head narrower than the body, and 
retractile. 
C. Thorax somewhat square-shaped, with a sharp lateral margin, wh ich is usual- 
ly from one to three-toothed ; anterior cox* strongly transversal. Body 
generally large and depressed; colors black or brown Fhionides. 
C C. Thorax rounded at the sides and without salient margin, sometimes with 
one spine or tubercle on each side. Size various; colors often bright and 
di versified Cehambycidks. 
B B. Head attached to the thorax by a neck ; eyes nearly or quite round ; anterior 
cox* angular and prominent; elytra generally narrowed behind. Lame 
with the head as wide as the body J.isptuiudes. 
A A. Head vertical; last joint of palpi cylindrical and pointed; anterior tibi* usually 
with a furrow on the inner side. Larv* footless Lamiides. 
