1871 . ] 
ROSES AND ROSE-CULTURE.-ON SUMMER ROSES. 
195 
The Picea Webbiana avenue, perhaps better than any of the others, illustrates 
what I am desirous to explain, viz., the probability that many of the spring-tender 
conifers, if slightly protected for a few years after being planted, will ultimately 
prove hardy in favourable situations. This avenue stands in part on level, and 
in part on hanging ground. Those on the hanging ground have suffered the least, 
very little indeed, except where the morning sun strikes them, and then very 
slightly'-, and only where the trees are tall, about half-way up from the ground, 
from their being suddenly thawed by the rays of the morning sun alighting on 
them. Those growing on the level ground, have the young shoots only injured 
to the height of about three feet on the east and south side where partially 
exposed, and to the height of barely two feet all round the shaded sides. The 
trees in this avenue are from about fifteen to twenty-seven feet in height. The 
effect of the frost line is here so apparent, that it strikes the eye and attracts 
the attention of the most casual observer. Above the frost line, the trees are in 
perfect health, many of them carrying a few of their lovely purple cones, and 
making leading shoots of upwards of two feet in length. It is well known that 
on still, calm, frosty nights, in low-lying or level situations, the cold air becomes 
the heaviest, and settles down above the surface of the earth, and probably if 
properly tested, it would be found to carry a larger amount of aqueous vapour 
than does the stratum of atmospheric air a little above it; otherwise, I can hardly 
suppose that the difference in temperature would be sufficient to kill the young 
growths, to the height of two or three feet above the surface of the ground, 
while those a little higher all but escape uninjured.— Archibald Fowlbr, 
Castle Kennedy , Stranraer. 
EOSES AND EOSE-CULTUKE. 
Chapter VIII.— On Summer Eoses. 
« T strikes me that it has become the fashion with some writers to depreciate 
or overlook the merits of Summer Eoses, and oh! fashion, even in flowers, 
f how often are we slaves to thee ! ‘ I do not care for Summer Eoses,’ says a 
would-be fashionable nurseryman; ‘they bloom but once in the year, whereas 
the “ autumnals ” bloom constantly from June to November.’ Such, I know, is a 
fashionable notion, but let us investigate this opinion, and withhold our verdict 
until we shall have sifted and weighed the evidence. There are three strongly 
marked points which recommend the rose to general favour :—1. The symmetry, 
beauty of form and colour, and fragrance, of the individual flowers. 2. The effect 
of the tree in the flower-garden viewed as a whole. 3. The durability of the season 
of flowering. 
On the first point—beauty and fragrance—the balance is well-nigh even; 
the “ autumnals ” possess the advantage in symmetry of form, the Summer Eoses 
bear away the palm for sweetness. Then it must be remembered that the forms 
of the contending sections are somewhat different; there is the compact Gallica 
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