8 
THE FLORIST AND POMOLOGIST. 
In these lessons, then, we shall not burden the mind with terms that are 
unfamiliar to it, without conveying at the same time the idea that is expressed 
b y these terms in well-executed illustrations. We shall not make use of 
scientific nomenclature other 
than is absolutely necessary to 
express what cannot be ex¬ 
pressed in familiar language; 
and we shall, as far as we 
possibly can, commend the 
study to the attention of our 
readers by making it as simple 
and as attractive as possible. 
If we followed the natural 
order of development of vege¬ 
tables, we ought to study first 
the seed , which, in germina¬ 
ting, produces a root and a 
stem ; then that root and that 
stem, with their ramifications; 
then the leaves and the flow¬ 
ers, which take their rise on 
the stem; and then, lastly 
the fruit, in which are con¬ 
tained seeds similar to that 
which formed our starting- 
point. This course is, per¬ 
haps, the most methodical, but 
certainly it would be the most 
tiresome. Our intention being 
to render the study as plea¬ 
sant and interesting as pos¬ 
sible, we therefore commence 
with the part that is the most 
brilliant and attractive, that 
which occasions the most pleasurable sensations, and which is the best known 
—-I mean the flower. 
We shall take for our first illustration the Wallflower (Cheiranthus 
eheiri), fig. 1, of which flowers may at this season of the year be easily obtained. 
Remove from the spike one of the flowers {fig. 2), 
and to aid in the examination provide yourself with 
a fine penknife or a stout needle, for the purpose of 
removing the parts as we proceed. 
The first series of organs we meet with, and 
■which form the external envelope of the flower, are 
four small leaves of a brown colour, erect, touching 
each other by their margins, and forming round the 
inner parts of the flower an external protection. 
These taken together are called the calyx , and 
separately they are called sepals; so that the calyx 
of the Wallflower is composed of four distinct 
sepals. Remove these four external leaves, and 
within them you meet with a second series of four 
lea'ses, folining the internal envelope. These are of a yellow or rusty yellow 
colour and fragrant. These leaves when in the bud are covered by the sepals 
