78 
THE FLORIST AND POMOLOGIST. 
borders at the foot of the wall are 3 feet 6 inches wide. The ground is pre¬ 
pared by digging a good yard deep, mixing the soil well, supply¬ 
ing it with whatever it may require to fit it for the specific trees 
to be there planted, and adding to it the good surface soil from 
the walks in making these. For the reception of the trees the 
walls are covered with a trelliswork entirely of galvanised wires, 
or of transverse wires carrying vertical laths 15 inches apart for 
the support of each growing tree. The espalier is formed of 
posts 3 or 4 yards out of the ground, placed 6 yards apart, 
bound together by wires across from the top of posts to each 
wall, or by any other effectual way should the walls not exist. 
When the season for planting arrives, young healthy plants 
of one year from the graft, with a single stem, are selected, the 
roots trimmed slightly as usual, and the stem shortened in pro¬ 
portion, about one-third being pruned off. These (Pears for 
instance) are planted along the wall, at a distance of 15 or 
16 inches from each other, against their respective laths. This 
distance is not arbitrary, but is fixed with reference to the 
amount of nourishment each tree is intended to receive from 
the border. The Pear and all other fruit trees, Peach excepted, 
receive no pruning the first year after their plantation, except 
the first shortening. They are thenceforward subject to the 
regular summer and winter pruning, by which the tree is made 
to consist of but a single shoot or stem, the growth of the ter¬ 
minal shoot alone being encouraged until the trees attain their full 
height, and the rest of the plant is covered with fruit-buds alone. 
The above remarks refer to the “ vertical cordon.” Should 
the trees be planted on a lower wall obliquely, according to 
the “oblique cordon” plan, they are planted a little further 
apart from each other—say 18 or 19 inches—and the trelliswork Fl Saonthe^SiSi 
or wall is arranged for these accordingly. The trees are planted linear system. 
the first year sloping 
at an angle of 60°, 
and the next season, 
when fairly rooted, are 
further lowered to an 
angle of 45°, at which 
they remain. Trees 
thus planted require a 
little more attention, 
as the buds have a 
tendency to develope 
more on the upper 
than the lower side, 
and besides, at each 
extremity of the wall, 
there is an angular 
space unoccupied 
which must be co¬ 
vered by horizontal 
branches, encouraged 
out from the first and 
„ , last trees in the rows. 
I ig. 2.—Pear on the oblique Fig. 3.—Pear on the oblique linear rpi _i f .•« 
linear system. First year. system. Second year. R® Slope 01 tUC 
