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THE FLORIST AND POJdOLOGIST. 
APPLES AS BUSHES FOR MARKET GARDENS. 
We have pleasure in announcing that the twelfth edition of Mr. Rivers’s 
excellent little work the “ Miniature Fruit Garden ” has just appeared, which 
contains a great deal of new matter. One of the most important of the new 
subjects is the bush culture of trees applied to market gardening, and which 
we have Mr. Rivers’s permission to furnish to our readers. The work ought 
to be in the hands of every fruit-grower. 
“ Our market gardeners, as a rule, are very deficient in their knowledge of 
fruit-tree culture, and they have much to learn. The usual practice with them 
is to plant standard or half standard trees in rows, some 20 or 30 feet apart, 
and between them Gooseberry and Currant trees. The ground is dug between 
the trees in spring deeply, and often carelessly. Nothing can be more bar¬ 
barous, for the ground is so shaded that no surface roots can have the benefit 
of air and the heat of the sun; and if by any chance they could come to the 
surface, they are, as a matter of course, destroyed by the spade. It is true 
that in some of the rich market gardens near London large quantities of fruit 
are grown in spite of the uncouth treatment the trees receive, but this does not 
alter the case. 
“ In a well-ordered fruit garden every kind of fruit should have its depart¬ 
ment, and instead of seeing, as in Kent, a row of trees of all sorts, mixed in 
the most heterogeneous manner, no mixture of species should be allowed; every 
kind should have its allotment—Apples on the Paradise stock, ditto on the 
crab stock, Pears on the quince stock, the same on the pear stock. Morello 
Cherries as pyramids on the Mahaleb stock—the best of all methods for their 
culture—and the various kinds of Duke Cherries on the same stock. Heart 
and Bigarreau Cherries on the common cherry stock. Plums as bushes, 
pyramids or, or half standards, should all be separated, and not planted 
higgledy-piggledy, as they have been and are now. The sound-headed market 
