270 
THE FLORIST AND P0A10L0GIST. 
briars, and they “ took ” at once, and made respectable wood for next year’s 
bloom. 
Lastly. One Word to English Raisers. —Do not be in a hurry to 
send out your “ bantling.” Whether you raise it from foreign or English seed 
we care not. We want distinct Roses; or, if in the same line as those we have 
already, we want them with superior attributes. We would rather give you a 
guinea for one such plant, than accept the converse. Be patient, therefore, 
steady, and truthful; and you will be great gainers in the end, when you are 
found to be so. Remember, the “ suppressio veri ” is very little better than 
the “ expressio falsi.” 
Rushton. W. F. Radclyffe. 
P.S.—The furor for Roses, old or new, is unprecedented. 
BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. 
Lesson X. 
Now that we have examined a great number of forms cf flowers, and, as I 
trust, made you acquainted with the nomenclature of the various parts of which 
they are composed, what follows of the succeeding lessons will be much more 
easily acquired. The subject we are now about to consider is the organisation 
of an entire plant, and for this purpose we shall take our illustrations from 
those the flow r ers of which we have already studied. 
Our first, then, shall be the Wallflower (Cheiranthus cheiri). Take 
the entire plant, with its roots, leaves, and flowers. Looking at the plant 
generally {flg. 1), you will find that it presents two 
distinct forms, the round and the flat. If you examine 
what appertains to the round form, and seems to com¬ 
pose the body of the plant, you will see that this body 
presents two different aspects. 1, The part furnished 
with flat blades (st) is green, branching from below 
upwards, and becoming more slender in proportion as 
it ramifies, so that the part presenting the greatest 
dimensions is at the surface of the soil. 2, The part 
deprived of blades is subterraneous, pale in colour, 
branching from above dowmwards, and becoming more 
slender the farther it penetrates into the earth ; and the 
result is that there are tw r o branching bodies (st and r), 
opposed the one to the other, and each developed in a 
contrary direction from the point c. These two bodies, 
of which the superior tends upwards and the inferior 
downwards, constitute what is called the vegetable axis. 
In the first stage of the plant’s growth this axis was 
simple, and without ramifications; afterwards, by a series of successive 
generations, shoots (sh) were produced from this primitive axis, and formed 
secondary axes. Each ramification can then be considered as one particular 
axis ; but, for convenience, this assemblage of vegetable axes we will continue 
to call the vegetable axis. 
Now, open this axis in all its length, by which w r e mean split up the stem, 
and you will see that it is composed of w r hite tough threads, placed side by 
side, and forming bundles, which are more difficult to break across than to 
separate longitudinally. Between these threads is found a soft spongy matter, 
green in the young parts of the ascending axis and white in the older. We 
Fig. 1.—Root and base of the 
stem of the Wallflower. 
