1874. ] 
VINES AND VINE-CULTURE.-CHAPTER IV. 
29 
down to tlio ground is fully exposed to the solar influences, cut it down, as 
shown by the figure, to within 3 in. or 4 in. of the ground. It is no matter 
what the strength of the plant may be ; the lower it is cut down, the stronger it 
will grow, and the better foundation it will make for the future plant. There 
are situations, however, where the young Vines cannot be cut down so low as 
this, namely, when planted against the low front wall of a house, either outside 
or inside, to bo trained up the rafters. Here there is frequently 3 ft. or more of the 
stem comparatively in the shade, or in the cold. For this purpose stronger Vines 
; are required, and the rule for pruning should be to cut them at from two to three 
