Biiiish Association. 
221 
of the chain, in the district of Port Phillip, and its coal beds 
exist Pt Western Port. On the south-east coast granite shows 
itself in the bed of the Bogan, just before it enters the Darling, 
and in the upper parts of tile Glenelg. Soutli of the Murray, it 
forms the north and south ranges of the Pyrenees, the range of 
Mount Byng, &e. The great mass of the Grampians, more than 
4,000 feet high, is composed of sandstone similar to that of 
Sydney ; south of which are a number of volcanic cones and 
vast sheets of lava. Over all the lower parts of the country, 
from Port Phillip to the Murray, is spread a great tertiary forma¬ 
tion, abounding in shells, echinoderms and corals. At Cape 
Jervis, South Australia, the rocks consist of mica-slate, gneiss 
and clay-slate; and at Adelaide, of coarse chlorite schist, and 
about Gawler Town blue clay-slate prevails. Veins of copper 
and lead abound in the varions ranges. The interior appears to 
consist everywhere of tertiary clays and sandstone; which also 
form the coast, for GOO miles, from Streaky Bay on the east to 
Mount Ragged on the west of the Great Bigh‘. About Mount 
Ragged granite is again seen; and frequently forms hills to the 
west, whose bases nrc concealed by the tertiary. From King 
George’s Sound, an elevated district runs northward at least 250 
miles, consisting of granite, metamorpbic rocks, gneiss, &c. 
Between this district and the sea, is a low plain, 20 miles wide, 
of recent tertiary rocks, which extend northward to the islands 
forming the western boundary of Shark’s Bay, forming the whole 
western coast of the Swan River Colony. Along the north-west 
coast from Shark’s Bay to Dampier’s Land is a vast tract of flat 
country, scarcely raised above the sea level, and fronted by 
dunes of sand. Eeiween Collier’s Bay and Cambridge Gulf is 
a great promontory of stratified sandstone like that of Sydney. 
The next portion of the coast described from personal observation 
is that at Port Essington, which consists of a red or white ferru¬ 
ginous sandstone, horizontally stratified. This formation seems also 
to extend round the whole Gulf of Carpentaria, as far as the Vic¬ 
toria River. The sandstone abounds in ferruginous concretions, 
which sometimes compose its entire mass, which then looks like 
the refuse of an iron-furnace, or part of a lava-stream. These 
