468 
ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF OUR BIRDS. 
Fia. 104. 
TYPES .OF THE PRINCIPAL GROUPS OF BENEFICIAL AND 
detrimental ANIMALS PREYED UPON BY BIRDS. 
{Beneficial^ - HYMEHOPTERA. {Detrimental^ 
Those that are parasitic or predaceous on 
lioxious insects;—Ichneumon and Chalcis 
FlieSj Eg2-Parasites and Solitary Wasps, 
CHALCIS PLY, lARVE, PUPA. 
Those eating leaves, boring stems, or pro. 
ducing galls;—“Slugs,” Saw -Flies, Homtails, 
and Gall-Flies. 
lARVE. CDERANT SAW.FLTT 
{Beneficial?) LEPIDOPTERA. iDetrimental?) 
Those feeding on weedscomparatively 
few species. 
MILKWEED CATERPILLAR.. PUPA. 
Those feeding on useful plants;—Butter¬ 
flies, Moths, Cut-worms, Measure-worras^Leof- 
Tollers, etc. 
STRAWBERRV 
"W^-^fARTIED'aiT-WORM. LEAF-ROLLER 
{Beneficial?) DIPTERA. (Detrimental.) 
Those preying upon detrimental insects and 
carrion;—Asilus, Syrphian and Meat-Flies. 
ASILUS FLY. SYRPHira FLY. 
Those feeding on useful plants and ani¬ 
mals;—Gnats, Gall-Gnats, Crane-and 
Horse-Flies. 
SHEEP. BOT-FLY. 
(Beneficial) COLEOPTERA. (Detrimental 
Those preying upon detrimental insects and 
carrion;—Lady-Birds, Tiger- Ground- Car- 
Tion - and Rove^Beetles. 
TIGER BEETLE. 
Those feeding on useful plantsClick 
Long-horned, LamellicoWi, and Leaf-Beetles 
Grubs-Wire worms, Wood-borers and Weevils. 
APPLE TREE BORER. LARVE. 
LARVE. 
