498 PROCEEDINGS: BOSTON SOCIETY NATURAL HISTORY. 
without delinite wall, raised above the substratum by a stalk of 
about equal length; kystes pedicelles,” in which they are similarly 
modified but form a definite wall about the oval body; and spores,’^ 
in which groups of individuals become encysted at the ends of pro¬ 
jections from the substratum. 
On dung of horse, cow, dog. France; Russia; Massachusetts; 
Indiana. 
At least two species of this genus appear to be common on yarious 
kinds of dung in this country, but owing to the fact that Dangeard 
gives no measurements, I have been uncertain which of them should 
be referred to Sappinia pedata. The larger and more frequent 
of the American species, which I have assumed to belong to Sap¬ 
pinia pedata^ has the following measurements: stalk of the “ami- 
bes pedicell6es 30 /x-125 /x long;' head, 30 /x-60 /x long; rounded 
individuals (“ spores of the aggregations, 20 /x-50 /x in diameter. 
The smaller form, which should probably be separated as a distinct 
species, has stalked individuals measuring 30 /x-40 /x in length, by 
15 IX in diameter, while the rounded encysted ones of the masses 
measure 15 /x-25 fx in diameter. In both forms, resting bodies 
comparable to the aggregated ‘‘ spores ” occur, as well as “ amibes 
l^edicellees,” although I have not as yet observed the definitely 
walled kystes ’’ which Dangeard appears to distinguish from them. 
The bodies which Dangeard calls ‘‘sj^ores,” are, at least in the 
American forms, not true spores but merely encysted individuals 
which do not possess a definite wall and which may be revived into 
an active condition sim23ly by placing them in water or in a nutrient 
decoction. Furthermore, while Dangeard found his organism on 
old cultures which had gone through several alternating stages of 
dryness and wetness, the American representatives were observed 
only in fresh cultures. 
It is highly probable that the two species of dung amoebae 
described by Cienkowsky (’ 73 ) in his article on Guttulma rosea^ 
and to which, so far as I am able to find, he gave no names, were 
similar to Sappinia; for he describes them as collecting iuto a 
naked spherical mass and certain ones as having the '^^peculiarity of 
stretching themselves out into a long foot with which they attach 
themselves immovably to the substratum, the free end of the 
individual being erected perpendicularly into the air.” Among 
