COEALLINE CRAG. 
JL 
just mentioned, Milne-Edwards and Haime described the Corals 
in 1850, Darwin the Oirripedes in 1851 and 1855, Forbes the 
Echinodermata in 1852, Professor T. K. Jones tbe Entomostraoa 
in 1857, Busk the Polyzoa in 1859, Professors Jones and Parker 
and Mr. Brady the Foraminifera in 1866. All these monographs, 
as well as various scattered papers on particular fossils, contained 
information which helped to advance the knowledge of the nature 
and age of the deposits and of the conditions under which they 
were laid down ; but of stratigraphical papers or of notes relating 
directly to the physical character of the beds there were few. 
Wood,* * * § however, in 1854, when describing some curious tubular 
cavities in the Coralline Crag, incidentally gave some additional 
particulars of the extent and lithological character of this division. 
In 1865 Professor E. Bay Lankesierf gave a sketch of the 
general character and extent of the Crags. The first part of this 
paper has been referred to in the previous chapter. The second 
part dealt with the correlation of the Crags of Antwerp and 
England, concluding from the per- centage of extinct mollusca in 
each deposit “ that the Bed and Coralline Crags of Suffolk and 
the Upper Crag of Antwerp are far more closely connected with 
each other than any one of them is with the Middle or Lower 
Crag, or than these latter are with each other; and on this account 
the Bed, Coralline, and Upper Antwerp Crags may be considered 
as Upper Pliocene; the Middle Antwerp Crag, as Middle 
Pliocene; and the Lower or Black Crag, as Lower Pliocene.” 
Further on Professor Lankester pointed to the derivative mam¬ 
malian remains in the Bed Crag as probably being the debris of 
an older formation of the age of the Middle Crag of Antwerp—- 
otherwise unknown in England—no equivalent being found in this 
country of the Lower Antwerp Crag, which he referred to the 
Upper Miocene Period and correlated with beds at Bordeaux and 
Vienna. 
In the same year S. V. Wood, jun.,:}; issued a Map of the Upper 
Tertiaries in the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, etc. On this map 
the Coralline Crag was for the first time separated from the newer 
deposits; the accompanying remarks, however, refer almost 
entirely to the later beds. 
Next year, S. Y. Wood, sen.,§ speaking of the relation of the 
Bed to the Coralline Crag, writes : In the case of the Coralline 
Crag, we have evidence that it contains the exuviae of animals the 
most removed from our own marine fauna, in the fact that in it 
are the remains of 27 genera that are extinct in the British seas 
. . . . From this it is fair to infer that this Crag belonged to 
a period long antecedent to the deposition of the Bed. Indeed so 
far as the word ‘ Crag ’ indicates any material affinity between the 
* Phil. Mag., ser. 4, vol. vii. p. 320. 
f On the Crags of Suffolk and Antwerp. Geol. Mag., vol. ii. pp. 103, 149. 
t Privately printed. An abstract of the remarks in explanation in Quart. Journ, 
Geol. Soc., vol. xxi. p. 141. 
§ On the Structure of the Red Crag. Ibid., xxii. p. 541, 
