CORALLINE CRAG. 
29 
of molliisca were very scarce, though shells down to the size of 
the smaller species of Cardita and Astarte occurred in large 
numbers. Scattered grains of glauconite were fairly numerous 
in the sand. Mr. Dalton observes that in this pit the surfaces of 
the thin irregular bands of limestone are covered with delicate 
bryozoa, indicating probably the contemporaneous deposition and 
solidification of the stone. 
Following next the eastern margin of the Coralline Crag hill, 
the pit south of Ox House, above Sudbourn Marshes, is now 
used as a cattle yard. It shows vertical walls of soft false-bedded 
limestone, much overgrown by lichens. The rock-bed was also 
formerly quarried at Roy don Cottage and Roy don Hall Farm, 
but these pits have now been ploughed over. A large pit will 
be found close to Orford Castle, though here the rock-bed is 
reached beneath a considerable thickness of sand—probably Red 
Crag—which slips and greatly obscures the section. South of 
Orford, in the stock-yard of Richmond Farm, there is a good section 
of false-bedded limestone, composed of comminuted shells; the only 
perfect fossils observed were a few Anomias and a fish otolith. 
About half a mile further south, at High House and Low 
Farm, Gedgrave, there are three pits. The highest of these is in 
the rock-bed, but is now seldom worked. The middle one shows 
the base of the shell-limestone, seen at Richmond Farm, resting 
on an underlying shelly sand with perfect mollusca. The lowest 
pit is at the edge of the Marsh at Low Farm, and is worked down 
to the water-level. It shows false-bedded, white, cream-coloured, 
or buff calcareous sand, full of small shells and broken Bryozoa. 
The buff colour of the beds seems to be due to infiltration from 
above, for under inverted oyster-shells the sand is pure white. 
One or two phosphatic nodules were observed scattered through 
the Crag, but they are not abundant. This pit should be noted 
as probably the best now open, except that at Sutton, for the 
collection of the more minute shells, especially univalves. Small 
Scalaria and Rissoa of several species are plentiful; among the 
bryozoa Salicornaria and Eschar a monilifera are very abundant. 
The larger mollusca are here principally oysters and scallops. 
Between Gedgrave Marshes and Ferry Farm another pit has 
been opened in the same shelly beds, but the section is small 
and obscure. It shows four or five feet of false-bedded calcareous 
sand with thin bands of rubbly limestone. Small shells are 
abundant, including Cyprcca europcea and Odostomia. 
On the west side of the hill the two sections remaining to be 
described are perhaps the best known of any in the Coralline 
Crag. The most northerly of these is the Broom Pit,” near the 
Keeper’s Lodge, and nearly a mile west of Orford. This pit is a 
good deal worked and shows a clear vertical face of twenty feet, 
though none of the beds are hardened into limestone. S. V. Wood 
and S. P. Woodward both made extensive collections here, and 
Prof. Prestwich described the section in his paper on the Coralline 
Crag.* The following sketch (Fig. 4) was made by me in 1886. 
* Quart. Journ, Geol, Soe.^ vol. xxvii. p. 122. (1871.) 
