NODULK BEDS. 
11 
tinguished in general appearance from those of the Red Crag. 
Among them I found, as in the Red Crag, a great many fossil 
Crustacea, much worn, derived from the London Clay. 
With these I found one fragment of the horn of a Deer much 
mineralized, a small Cetacean vertebra retaining the ordinary 
bone-structure, together with numerous teeth of sharks. In the 
same bed were worn blocks of Septaria from the London Clay, 
drilled by boring mollusca, and flat, worn, highly mineralized 
Cetacean bones, superficially punctured, as those in the Red 
Crag, together with fragments of Bryozoa, Terehratula grandis, 
and Cgprinaf much worn, and the latter full of the cavities made 
by minute boring sponges. With these organic remains there 
were a small number of the nodules or balls of coarse dark-brown 
sandstone, often containing the cast of a shell, so common in places 
in the Red Crag ; there were also small pebbles of quartz and 
of flints, and some large pebbles of light-coloured, hard, siliceous 
sandstone : but the most remarkable specimen I there found was 
a rounded boulder of dark-red porphyry of considerable size, and 
weighing about a quarter of a ton. None of the specimens were 
angular or striated.” Prof. Prestwich then gives a list of the 
most important specimens from this pit in the collection of Mr. 
Colchester ; they were:— 
One tooth of Mastodon (ilf. arvernensis). 
Two milk-teeth of Rhinoceros {R. Schleiermacherif). 
Two teeth of Deer ( Cervvs dicranoceros). 
Four teeth of Cetaceans. 
One vertebra of Whale, large. 
Two ear-bones of Whale ; one mineralized, the other not. 
Four skulls of Belemnoziphius. 
Many teeth of Carcharodon and Lamna. 
One vertebra of a Saurian (an extraneous fossil of Jurassic 
age). 
These are fossils identical with the species from the Red 
Crag ; and, like them, they present a highly mineralized condition, 
and are, with the exception of some of the Cetacean and a 
few of the other Mammalian remains, all more or less rolled, 
worn, and polished.’'* 
Under the Alluvium of Boyton Marshes Coralline Crag 
phosphate has also been worked, the water being kept down by 
pumping. Mr. A. Bell states that about 18 inches of Coralline 
Crag are overlain by Red Crag, and in working the labourers 
mix the two together. The admixture of Red Crag with 
Coralline Crag phosphate at this locality makes it impossible to 
separate the fossils with certainty, for the majority of the 
Coralline Crag shells show traces of a Red Crag matrix, proving 
that they come from a bed that has been reconstructed, and not 
from the undisturbed Coralline Crag Nodule Bed. 
Though phosphatic nodules and phosphatized bones are of 
common occurrence at the base of the Red Crag, only over part 
* Op. cit, p. 118. 
