90 
RED GKAG. 
river cliffs. At the Crag-pit (marked on the map), south of 
Mostoii Farm^ and about a mile and a half from Trimley, Mr. 
Whitaker noted the following section in 1874, but in 1889 the 
lower strata were much obscured by talus, and the curious light- 
coloured bed at the base could not be examined : — 
A little gravel, up to 5 feet. 
fBrown sand, with, pebbles of flint and of quartz, and 
phosphatic nodules, especially in a layer at the bottom. 
This bed occurs at one part only (? a long lenticular 
mass): 0 to 3 or 4 feet. 
False-bedded shelly Orag, of a rather light colour, with 
pebbles and phosphatic nodules here and there, some¬ 
times a thin layer at the bottom : 8 or 10 feet. 
Ked Crag. A small wedge of pale purplish sand at one part: 6 or 8 
inches. 
Brown rather clayey sand, with many short lenticular 
masses or nodules of whitish clay, flint-pebbles, and 
phosphatic nodules ; 1 to 3 feet. 
Light-coloured (buff and grey), ironshot, fine, sharp, 
I false-bedded sand, in places with small nodules of 
L ironstone and very small pebbles of flint and of quartz. 
The tolerably well-marked and even junction of the lowest 
bed with that above showed a slight south-westerly dip as far as 
could be seen. Near the entrance there was a little shelly Crag, 
which seemed to dip under the lowest sand, but perhaps it is not 
in place, and I was told that London Clay had been found 
beneath the sand ; it certainly occurs along the edge of the 
wood just below (south) at a level but slightly lower than that of 
the pit-bottom, if at all at one part.”* 
Possibly the lowest bed in the above section may be an unde¬ 
nuded portion of the sand from which the box stones ” and their 
peculiar fauna were derived, for in this area the masses in the 
Nodule Bed occur most abundantly and of the largest size. The 
composition of the Red Crag around Trimley is identical with 
that of the box stones, though the colours are different and the 
Crag is not phosphatized. The newer deposit has in all proba¬ 
bility mainly originated from the destruction of this older Pliocene 
sand ; it is quite possible that a number of the Red Crag mollusca 
may also have been washed out of the older bed. The possibility 
of derivation from strata of this age does not appear to have been 
taken into account, though Wood constantly warned geologists 
that a large portion of the Red Crag fossils was derived from the 
Coralline Crag, No doubt in the box stones the mollusca are 
nearly always found in the state of casts, but it does not follow 
that there were no perfect shells in the loose sands in which these 
concretions were formed. The lowest beds in any new Crag pits 
which may be opened around Trimley should always be carefully 
examined. 
The other sections around Trimley call for no remark. Phos¬ 
phate was formerly extensively dug, but none of the pits are now 
* Geology of Ipswich, p. 52. 
