92 
RED CRAG. 
Following the right oank of the Deben northward from 
Felixstow, we find a nearly continuous outcrop of Red Crag, and 
as the Nodule Bed has been extensively worked, numerous 
sections have been seen, though many of them are now obscure. 
The descriptions need not be repeated, as there was nothing 
exceptional in the character of the deposit, and it was not thick. 
Some of the best and deepest sections of the Red Crag are to 
be found in the tributary valley which extends westward, past 
Brightwell, nearly to Ipswich. In this valley phosphate has 
been more extensively worked than anywhere else, and through a 
greater thickness of overlying deposits. The most important 
sections visible in 1889 were, a small one a quarter of a mile 
north-west of Bucklesham Church, a good section close to 
Foxhall Lodge, and the large pit on the east side of Foxhall Hall. 
This last is now being extensively worked, with a long face 30 or 
40 feet deep, and is perhaps the best pit for collecting from the 
Red Crag, Mr. Whitaker observed the following section in 
1876 
Drift.—Palse-bedded gravel and sand, resting irregularly on the sand 
below; up to 15 feet (or more). 
Ferruginous sand, with ironstone (impressions of shells), 
and scattered phosphatic nodules; of irregular thickness, 
being merely decalcified Crag. 
Shelly Crag, with a loamy ferruginous bed about the junction 
with the shell-less sand. The bottom 6 feet or so with 
phosphatic nodules and flints (some large), either in layers 
or scattered freely throughout. At the most easterly part 
(not then worked) there was at the bottom a loamy, firm, 
ferruginous bed, up to 3 feet thick, probably not far above 
the nodule-bed. 
Nodule Bed, at a depth of 33-36 feet; about a foot thick; 
with water, showing the presence of London Clay. 
Red 
Crag. 
Abundance of the common Crag fossils can be obtained, but as 
usual it needs long search to find more than twenty species of 
mollusca. A large number of cetacean ear-bones and teeth 
occur. 
Further east a new phosphate pit has lately been opened about 
a quarter of a mile south of Newbourn Church, and v^dll probably 
prove a good place for collecting. Another section in this 
neighbourhood is thus described by Mr. Whitaker:— 
The large Crag pit, marked on the Map, at Newbourn, 
nearly a quarter of a mile north-east of the church, was about 40 
feet deep, wholly in Red Crag, the eastern end being overgrown. 
The decalcified sand is in part rather light-coloured at top, partly 
fine, and is of course irregularly divided from the shelly Crag 
beneath. This latter contains a great variety of shells, many well 
preserved (and I believe this pit would prove a good collecting- 
place) ; it is mostly firm, so as to stand vertical in section, dark, 
false-bedded, and often with many phosphatic nodules and flints; 
at one part a nearly horizontal yellowish line occurs cutting 
across the false-bedding, and showing how little dependence is to 
