RED CRAG, 
97 
The numerous Crag pits around Butley are all similar in 
character. They show false-bedded sand full of broken shells 
and rarer perfect specimens. The sand varies from buff to deep- 
red, or even purple, and is sometimes current-bedded at the 
highest possible angles. The whole of these pits show ferruginous 
banding, and often vertical rods of limonite in root-like forms are 
also seen. Many of the joints are filled with carbonate of lime. 
The upper part of the Red Crag, both here and at Cbillesford, is 
buff and more like the Norwich Crag. 
The well-known Crag pit, a quarter of a mile east of the 
Oyster Inn, at Butley, has been extensively worked by Mr. A, 
Bell, who has published the following section^ :— 
Section of Pit on the Neutral Farm^ Butley, 
1. Drift sand, black, full of small particles of quartz, with a large number 
of rolled stones [Eainwash]. 
2. Red sand, passing into 
3. Yellow sand, then into 
Red sand. A large mass of brownish clay (full of casts of common 
mussel and Troclius cinerarius) at one part. 
4. Yein of fine white sand, extending rather more than half-way across 
the pit. 
“ These sands [2, 3, 4,], etc. are about 18 to 20 feet thick, and are 
nearly, except where in contact with the Crag, totally devoid of 
organic remains. Finely comminuted shells occur at the lines of 
junction.” 
5. Red Crag full of shells. 
6. Red Crag ,, ,, 
7. Unfossiliferous sand, partly false-bedded at top, separating 5 and 6 
[Pboth over and under 5, over 6 in the figure given]. 
8. Line of freshwater shells. 
9. Red Crag with shells. “A series of layers of fine sand and shells, 
having a rapid dip, being the lowest deposit seen.” 
“ The cross section [nearly at right angles] gives traces of considerable 
erosion.” 
A list of 192 species of shells from the Crag at Butley is given 
in Mr. Bell’s paper, and the author speaks of tfie Butley Crag as a 
shallow-water deposit of upper Crag age. The land and fresh¬ 
water shells from Butley, unlike those of Walton, are all living 
British formsf ; the rest of the land fauna is still almost entirely 
unknown. 
North of the Butley River we find Red Crag abutting against 
or wrapping round a high reef of Coralline Crag, exactly as it 
does at Sutton; but great part of the sand is decalcified, and it 
will only be necessary to allude to two of the sections near 
Sudbourn, which have clearly shown the junction. 
Mr. Dalton remarks that “there seems to be some error in 
the designation of the locality given by Prof. Prestwich to the 
section shown in Fig. 21, as there is no trace of a pit at that 
point, and the Chillesford Clay there separates the Glacial sand 
* GeoL Mag., vol. viii. pp. 450-455. (1871.) 
f R. G. Beil.—Laud Shells in the Red Crag. Geol. Mag., dec. 3, vol. i. pp. 
262-264. (1884.) Wood records two arctic forms of Limncea, hut the determi¬ 
nations seem to be very doubtful. 
E 60798. n- 
