RED CRAG. 
99 
marked by a line of pebbles. In lithological character this 
division, like the Diestian sands, is a fine glauconitic sand, usually 
somewhat reddish, and full of shells. The Scaldisian molluscan 
fauna, of which a full list is given in the Appendix, now includes 
nearly 200 species, leaving out of account those of which the true 
horizon has not been satisfactorily fixed. Nearly all of these are 
also found in the Ked Crag, but there is an entire absence of the 
arctic forms so conspicuous in the upper part of that formation. 
We may therefore, consider the Scaldisian of Antwerp to repre¬ 
sent the Walton Crag of Suffolk, for it has a similarly southern 
facies. The deposits met with in a deep boring recently made at 
Diemerbrug, near Amsterdam, are more difficult to-underKstand, 
for the fossils have a decidedly more northern character than those 
from the Scaldisian of Antwerp, and several arctic forms occur 
even at a depth of 1,000 feet. This boring will be more fully 
described at p. 220. 
While engaged in writing these notes on the Belgian Pliocene 
beds, I received from Mr. Gr. Vincent a paper* in which special 
attention is drawn to a line of pebbles and erosion seen in 
the Scaldisian of the new docks at Antwerp. In this pebble- 
bed Messrs. Vincent and Delheid have discovered fragments of 
antlers of two species of Deer, a phalanx of Rhinoceros, bones of 
Birds, several specimens of Helix nemoralis {H. HaesendoncM, 
Nyst), and some fir-cones. This is the first time that land-mammals 
have been found in the Pliocene beds of Belgium, and the dis¬ 
covery is particularly interesting as helping to fill up the gap in 
our knowledge of the land-fauna of the Red Crag period. We 
know scarcely anything of the land-animals of that period, nearly 
all the specimens having been found in the Nodule Bed. 
This mammaliferous gravel is the base of the sands which 
Messrs. Cogels and Van den Broeck have named “sables a 
Corbules,”t and which Messrs. E. and G. Vincent afterwards 
called “ sables a Corbulomya complanata et a Ophicardelus pyra- 
midalis^’ from these species being confined to the horizon, and 
therefore more characteristic. 
Above the line of gravel there is a change of the fauna, several 
well-known species of the English Crag appearing for the first 
time and others becoming much more abundant. But there are 
no additional arctic species in these Corbula beds, except Trophon 
despectus, and the fauna is still that of the Red Crag, more 
closely allied to the lower portion than to the upper. 
Documents relatifs aux Sables Pliocenes a “ Chrysodomus contraria ” d’Anvers. 
Bull. Soc. Malac. Belgique, vol. xxiv. pp. xxviii—xxxv. (1889.) 
t Observations sur les Conches Quaternaires et Pliocenes de Merxem, pres 
d’Anvers. Ann. Soc. Malac. Belgique, vol. xii. pp. 68-74. (1877.) 
