104 
RED AND NORAVICH CRAGS. 
fossils. The relation of both these divisions to the shelly Crag is 
somevvhat uncertain, for the only place where Chillesford Clay 
occurs, is on the border of the Marsh, one and a half miles north¬ 
west of Dunwich. Here the low position of the Clay suggests 
that the Crag in the surrounding area may be entirely below the 
level of the sea. The beds are fully described by Mr. Whitaker,* 
who considers the lower portion (the unfossiliferous sand) to 
belong to the Crag and the upper to strata overlying the Chilles¬ 
ford Clay, but in the absence of clear stratigraphical evidence 
and of fossils, it will perhaps be best to leave the description of 
the obscure area between Dunwich, Westleton, and the Kiver 
Blyth for a later Chapter, and to keep at present to the undoubted 
Crag. 
In a northerly direction the nearest fossiliferous section to that 
in Dunwich Cliff was found in a well made in 1887 at Southwold 
Waterworks, where also the total thickness of the beds has been 
proved. This section is of so great interest that the account is 
here copied, but the fossils obtained were not sufficient to allow 
of any separation of the different horizons. Small shelly expo¬ 
sures were also seen in the cliff north of the town, at a pit on the 
Lowestoft Boad, and at Southwold Station. The two latter have 
been referred to the newer Pebbly Series,” but if this is correct 
they show that the “ Pebbly Series ” here contains a fauna identical 
with that of the Norwich Crag. All of the species determined 
are Norwich Crag forms, and 'fellina halthica, so abundant in the 
higher division at other localities, is missing. 
Well at Southwold Waterworks. 1886, 1887. 
About 40 feet ( ? more) above Ordnance Datum. 
Made and communicated by Messrs. Legrand and Sutcliff. (Notes from 
an examination of specimens, on the spot.) 
Feet. 
Pebbly Series. Ballast - - - - - 37 
Dark yellow (red) sand . . . g 
Dark yellow, sand (with shells, stained red, 
Gardium edule ?, Gyprina islandica, Litto- 
rma rudis, Melampus pyramidalis) - 33 
Dark yellow (red) sand . - . 6 
Light-yellow sand with black pebbles (flint 
and hard veined grit) and shells {Mya 
truncata, Tellina obliqua, Littorina Uttorea) 6 
Light grey (silty) sand (full of mica) - 18 
Light-greenish blowing sand (the colouring 
matter seems to be small grains of phos¬ 
phate, and not glauconite) - - 66 
Light-greenish loamy sand, with shells 
[Pecten ojperGularis, Natica, etc.) - - 2 
Dark stiff clay (hard, brown) - - 10 
Grey loamy sand and shells (sandy silt, with 
worn shell-fragments. {Balanus crenatus ? 
Salicornaria crassa, etc.) - - - 8 
London Clay ggj 
Reading Beds 701 
Chalk ....... 266^ 
679 
* Geology of Southwold, and of the Suffolk Coast, {Memoirs of the Geological 
Survey'), (1887.) This Memoir contains a folding plate of sections of the coast 
between Dunwich and Covehithe. 
Crag, . 
147 feet. ^ 
