106 
llED AND NORWICH CRAGS, 
many land and freshwater mollusca rare or unknown in the older 
deposits. The level of this pit is little above that of the River 
Blythe 
The sections in the higher part of the Valley of the Blyth call 
for no remark, being almost entirely unfossiliferous, though a few 
shells have been found at Halesworth. 
West-north-west of Southwold shelly Crag is seen in numerous 
exposures bordering on the marsh on each side of the Wangford 
Valley, and the pits have yielded, besides the common marine 
shells, land and fresh-water species, and mammalian bones and 
teeth. Lyell,^ the Rev. O. Fisher,t Mr. G. Maw,{ and Prof. 
Prestwich§ have all described sections in this valley, and a very 
full account of them is given by Mr. Whitaker. || More recently 
Mr. R. E. Leach has made extensive collections here, and has 
sent me a list of the species obtained. They are all Norwich 
Crag forms and among them is the Cyrena ( Corbicnla) Jluminalis, 
found also by Lyell in this neighbourhood. 
In the next valley to the north—that of Easton—there is only 
one pit in which shells occur, but the outcrop of the Chillesford 
Clay is so continuous that there is no doubt as to the Pliocene 
age of part of the sands which border the Marsh for a considerable 
distance. The Yarn Hill Pit,” so well-known to geologists, is 
not marked on the Map, but is situated on a small peninsula on 
the north side of the Marsh, half a mile west of Potter’s Bridge 
and a mile and a quarter west-north-west of Easton Bavent, 
The section seen by Mr. Whitaker in 1878 was as followsIT:— 
A little pebble-gravel, at tb.e bigbest part, up to 2f feet. 
Cbillesford Olay.—G-rey and brownisb sandy clay, up to 15 inebes. 
Sand : tbe top foot or so brown and somewhat gravelly, but tbis 
seems to die out westward ; tben yellowisb-brown or buff, witb 
a gravelly layer 4 or 5 feet down (on tbe west only, as far as 
could be seen); tben a little mixed white and black (witb 
light-brown under at tbe middle part)—in all 7 to 9 feet, not 
bottomed at tbe deepest part. 
Shelly Crag, some 2 feet shown, towards tbe west, under the 
white and black sand. In tbis was found only one Corbicula, 
amongst a host of marine shells. 
Crag. 
At the foot of Easton Bavent cliff similar shelly Crag is seen, 
but it only rises a few feet above the sea level, and the section 
will be described in the next Chapter. The Crag is lost below 
the level of the sea for several miles north of Easton Bavent 
and Yarn Hill, and to show the character of the fauna at the 
spot where the beds disappear, a list is given of the mollusca 
found at these two localities. S. V. Wood referred the shelly 
sand at Yarn Hill to the Fluvio-Marine Crag, and that at Easton 
Bavent to the Chillesford Crag, but there does not seem to be 
any sufficient reason for separating them, and they are both close 
* Mag. Nat. Hist., n. ser. vol. iii. p. 316. (1839.) 
f Quart. Journ. Geol. Sqc., vol. xxii. p. 27. (1866.) 
t Ibid., vol. xxiv. p. 377. (1868.) 
§ Ibid., vol. xxvii. p. 345. (1871.) 
f| Geology of Southwold and the Suffolk Coast {Memoirs of the Geological 
Survey), pp. 12-14. (1887.) 
^ Ibid.,y, 15. 
