108 
RED AND NORWICH CRAGS. 
Teeth of Mastodon, and other vertebrate remains have also been 
found at Easton Bavent, and at Yarn Hill Mr. Leach has recently 
obtained bones of sea-birds and teeth of the characteristic Upper 
Pliocene vole, Arvicola intermedius. 
Along the coast north of Easton Bavent, Crag does not re¬ 
appear above the sea-level for many miles, but one of the trial- 
borings made on the beach at Pakefield touched red shelly sand 
at a depth of a few feet (see p. 135), but no determinable fossils 
could be obtained. 
In the Waveney Valley shelly Crag is again met with between 
Bungay and Beccles, and is evidently of considerable thickness, 
though seldom rising above the level of the Marsh. One of the 
best known of the sections is found near Aldeby, in a brick-yard 
on the northern side of the Waveney, about a mile and a half 
north-north-east of Beecles (but four miles by road).* Here 
has been obtained the boreal fauna on which the separation of the 
Chillesford Crag from the Norwich Crag is founded ; for all the 
sections of the so-called Chillesford Crag further south, including 
Chillesford itself, have produced either very few species, or an 
assemblage quite indistinguishable from that of the Norwich Crag. 
At Aldeby we find a marked increase in the number of indi¬ 
viduals belonging to Arctic forms, but at the same time there are 
no additional boreal species, and the horizon can only be separated 
from the Norwich Crag by the disappearance of a few southern 
mollusca, and the preponderance of northern forms. 
The sections seen at different times at Aldeby are fully described 
in the Memoir relating to the district,t and it will be sufficient to 
quote two, one measured in 1867 by Mr. Dowson and one seen in 
1875-6 by myself. Mr. Dowson’s section of the central part of 
the pit is as follows:— 
Section of Aldeby Brick~yard, 
[Valley Gravel.] 
Warp - . . - . . 
Coarse gravel - - - . - 
Feet. 
1 
24 
[Chillesford 
r Loamy sand, with thick veins of laminated clay 
7h 
Clay.] 
1 Laminated clay ----- 
6 | 
fSand without shells - . . - 
T 
[Chillesford 
Crag.] 
1 N.B.—A large flint, f cwt., mentioned by Mr. 
J Prestwich, came from the sand about heref 
"^1 Shell bed 
2 
A boring was 
] Sand, with veins of clay and a few fragments of 
[_ clay, to water level - - - - 4 d 
made at the extreme east end of the section in 
1867. Sand and Crag (fragmentary), and perhaps a few small 
* F)rst brought to notice by C. B. Rose. Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1868, Trans, of 
Sect., p. 77. See also Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxii. p. .545, (1866.) 
f Geology of the Country around Norwich {Memoirs of the Geological Survey'), 
pp. 86-88. (1881.) 
t See Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxvii. p. 4.54. 
