RED AND NORWICH CRAGS. 
Ill 
A sample of very shelly gravel marked 112-116 feet contained 
the following species: — 
Ohemnitzia internodula. 
Natica catena. 
Purpura lapillus. 
Troctus. 
Turritella terebra. 
Astarte. 
Oardium edule. 
Oorbula gibba. 
Cyprina islandica. 
Mactra ovalis. 
The shells are much rolled and waterworn^ and indicate shallow 
water, though periwinkles and other species entirely confined to 
shores are rare. 
Around Bungay shelly Crag has been seen at the surface at 
three points ; in a small pit at Dukes Bridge ; in the cutting at 
Bungay Station, where however it is now entirely hidden; and 
at the foot of Bath Hills. It has also been met with in three 
wells at Ditchingham, but none of these were carried down to the 
Chalk, and we have no means of ascertaining the total thickness 
of the Crag in this neighbourhood."^ 
Crag has been seen at several spots at the foot of Bath Hills, 
but during the survey of this district it could only be found in a 
pit in the kitchen garden at Ditchingham Lodge. It here 
consists of shingle and sand, mixed with shells, and contains the 
ordinary Norwich Crag fauna, with abundance of periwinkles — 
showing apparently the proximity of the shore. About 25 species 
of mollusca were found. 
The well at Ditchingham Hospital was in similar, but ap¬ 
parently more sandy beds, and the shells came from a somewhat 
lower level. Among the fossils was a single columella of Voluta 
Lambertif broken but not much worn, and of the same light 
colour as the contemporaneous fossils. Except a specimen from 
the Drift, found by Dr. S. P. Woodward, this is the only 
occurrence of the Volute in Norfolk, though it occurs in beds 
of the same age at Yarn Hill. The rest of the fossils were all 
common Norwich Crag forms. 
Higher up the Waveney Valley, Crag reappears near Harleston 
Station, and Mr. Dalton mentions two sections with fragments 
of Cardium, Cyprina^ Tellina^ and Turritella; but possibly the 
strata represent the shelly condition of the so-called Middle 
Glacial sands so well seen near Beccles, About two miles to 
the west, at Needham, a well has lately been sunk to the Chalk, 
and the section and samples communicated by Messrs. Isler & Co. 
show that the Pliocene strata are here 95 feet thick. Of this 
mass the upper 25 feet consist of quartzite gravels without fossils 
(Pebbly Gravel); the underlying strata, down to the Chalk, are 
gravels and silty sands, with the common shoal-water Norwich 
* Full descriptions of the sections in the Waveney Valley will he found in the 
Geology of the Country around ISiorwich (^Memoirs of the Geological Survey') 
(1881), pp. 84-89. 
Mya arenaria. 
Mytilus edulis. 
Nucula Cobboldise. 
Pecten opercularis. 
Pbolas. 
Scrobicularia plana. 
Tellina obliqua (or T. lata). 
Balanus crenatus (very abund¬ 
ant). 
