RED AND NORWICH CRAGS. 
123 
Casts of shells, about 10 or 12 feet higher than the bed 
of rejectamenta,” were noticed so long ago as^ 1837 by the 
Rev. Thomas Clowes. They occurred in the iron-pan,” and 
Mr. Woodward recently obtained the following species at the 
eastern end of the pit:— 
Littorina littorea. 
Purpura lapillus. 
Oardium edule. 
Modiola (large sp.). 
Mya arenaria. 
If Tellina balthica is correctly determined this is the only 
instance of its occurrence near Norwich, the specimens previously 
recorded being of doubtful origin. A complete list of the species 
found in the lower beds at this locality will be found in 
Mr. Woodward's Memoir. 
The various pits near Postwick are now much overgrown, but 
most of them appear to have been fossiliferous, and this is one of 
the best known localities for Norwich Crag shells. In the pit 
near Postwick Church the surface of the Chalk was drilled by 
Annelids and contained Pholas crispata. East of Postwick the 
Chalk sinks below the marsh-level, so that we can now no longer 
find any base to the Crag. At the same point that the beds sink, 
there appears to be a tendency for the laminated clays to thicken 
and become more persistent—as they always seem to do towards 
the east. A section in the wood south of Brundall Church well 
illustrates this change 
Feet. 
Warp “ - - - -3 to 5 
r Pebbly sands - - _ » 6 
-j-y f o- J kaminated clay - - - - 6 
upper urag -j an occasional gravelly seam, 
L and shells at intervals. Base not seen - 15 
In this pit univalves were scarce, even Littorina littorea was 
rare, but the Crag was especially rich in Cyprina islandica, entire 
valves of which, though not in pairs, were abundant. Astarte 
borealis, A. compressa, Leda oblongoides, Lucina borealis, and 
Tellina obliqua were common; while Tellina prcetenuis and Nucula 
Cobboldiee, the latter most abundant in the railway cutting further 
east, were rare. 
The railway cutting just mentioned shows three feet of 
laminated clay, besides numerous seams of clay in the overlying 
pebbly gravel. About a quarter of a mile east of the Station the 
clay has been dug for brickmaking, having a thickness of seven 
or eight feet. East of this point the shelly strata seem to have 
entirely disappeared beneath the sea-level, and the description of 
the overlying laminated clays and pebbly gravels will be left for 
another Chapter. 
On the opposite (south) side of the river the deposits are 
similar, but the pits at Whitlingham, Bramerton, and Surlingham 
Mytilus edulis. 
Nucula Oobboldios. 
Tellina balthica ? 
--obliqua. 
