124 
EED AND NOKWICir CEAGS* 
may he described; for at Whitlingham was found the tooth of 
Mastodon, figured by William Smith Bramertou is commonly 
taken as the typical locality for the Norwich Crag, where the 
shell-beds can be divided into two zones ; and Surlingham has 
also yielded a tooth of Mastodon. 
Numerous pits which have been opened for the working of 
Chalk at Whitlingham have also exposed the Crag, and two were 
being worked in 1875-1878. In the larger pit the strata are 
variable and at one time displayed a remarkable disturbance, 
caused by glacial action. One face of this pit showed (in 1877) 
the following section, observed by Mr. Woodward:— 
Fig. 29. 
Section at Whitlingham. 
Feet. 
4. Pebbly gravel and sand, with seam of shells - 
3. Laminated clay and seam of shells 
2. Sand and pebbly gravel with patches of shells 
1. Stone-bed - . . . . 
A. Chalk. 
15 to 26. 
This section exhibited one of the lenticular masses of lami¬ 
nated clay sometimes called Chillesford Clay ; it overlaid a 
bed of shells, and was itself overlain by two similar beds, one of 
which it perhaps partly replaced. At this time (1877) the eastern 
face of the pit showed no distinctive clay-band at all, and while at 
one time it exhibited a small nest of shells, on a subsequent visit 
this was quite worked away. This pit alone shows that no dis¬ 
tinctive horizons can be traced out in the Upper Crag by the 
occurrence either of shell-beds or of laminated cla 3 ^ Diagrams 
drawn at different times, as the beds are worked away, are quite 
different in detail. 
The pit on Bramerton Common, though now far inferior in its 
exhibition of the beds to either Whitlingham or Thorpe, has 
always been treated as a typical section of the Norwich Crag; 
* Strata identified by Organized Fossils. 4to. 1816. 
