160 
CROMER FOREST-BED. 
continually bare. They have now been much denuded, and 
fewer fossils are obtained, but several teeth o£ elephant, a jaw of 
TTogontheriumi and various other bones were found during the 
Survey. Mr. A. C. Savin has a large collection from this locality, 
and the majority of Miss Anna Gurney’s specimens, now so 
widely distributed, came from here. Tree-stumps scattered 
throughout the beds are very common, but comparatively few 
trunks are seen. Most of the stools belong to fir or pine of 
moderate size ; other trees, except willow, are rare. There ai-e 
also many derived cakes of peat, often bored by Pholas, with 
elytra of beetles and leaves. In isolated exposures the clays of 
the Forest-bed maybe distinguished from those of the Weybourn 
Crag by their dark blue colour, the latter being greenish. 
One or two sections will give an .idea of the general character 
of the beds, the details of which vary slightly every few yards. 
The following was taken nearly under the Old Lighthouse :— 
Boulder Clay. 
Leda myalls 
Bed (?) 
U pper Fresh¬ 
water Bed. 
Forest-bed 
(estuarine). 
Lower Fresh¬ 
water Bed. 
Weybourn 
Crag. 
r Sand with a little loam, a few stones in the 
\ lower part - - . - - 
j- (missing). 
f Laminated clay and lignite - 
I Alternating gravel and clay with a few seams 
of mussels and much lignite 
Clay-pebbles, with lignite, cakes of peat, and 
[_ mammalian bones - - - - 
(missing). 
J G-reenish loam, clay, and clay-ironstone, full 
\ of casts of marine shells 
Feet. 
6 
12 
7 
3 
(?) 
Not far from this spot the Pholas-hored peat of the Lower 
Freshwater Bed was found in place during October 1889. The 
mass preserved was apparently only a few square yards in extent 
and not more than ten inches thick. It distinctly lay between 
the Weybourn Crag and the bed of clay-pebbles forming the 
base of the estuarine division. 
At the eastern end of Kirby Hill tlie Boulder Clay had cut 
several feet into the Forest-bed, and the mass of bedded blue 
clays shown further west had disappeared. On the foreshore, 
about mid-way between these exposures, lying on and partly 
embedded in the clay-gravel was a stump of fir, 3 feet in diameter 
near the base, with the, roots spreading over 11 feet in one 
direction, and 9 feet in another. In hollows there were here and 
there preserved portions of the bark, and also of a loamy peaty 
soil with seeds. This was by far the largest tree examined ; for 
it had a spread- of about 20 feet; no other having exceeded 
10 feet. By employing men to clear away the clay, I was able 
exandne the termination of many of the roots ; they were all 
worn, and one, which was traced for a long way among the clay- 
pebbles, measured about 3 inches at its broken and rounded 
