216 
FOREIGN EQUIVALENTS. 
Coralline Crag—has often been observed. It seems to be a 
common characteristic of warm seas. But none of the specimens 
of sea-bottoms preserved at the Naples Zoological Station at 
all corresponded in lithological character with the calcareous 
Coralline Crag, and I was informed that no deposit of that 
kind bad been found within the area over which they dredge. 
Even in the thick mass of Sub-Apennine strata in Tuscany, 
the only approach to a calcareous deposit of this kind yet 
noticed, occurs at one spot, where under the guidance of 
Dr. Canavari some calcareous sand full of Bryozoa was observed. 
The other calcareous Pliocene strata, such as the Amphistegina- 
limestone are of a totally different character. The recent 
deposits of this part of the Mediterranean, and also the Pliocene 
strata, consist largely of inorganic sediments. To match the 
Coralline Crag we should apparently need to go much further 
from the land. 
Turning next to the land and freshwater deposits, we have 
seen that none of those in Britain belong to the older series, the 
only strata not of marine origin representing the close of the 
Newer Pliocene. There are, however, a number of derivative 
bones of land-mammals of Older Pliocene age in the Nodule Bed 
at the base of the Bed Crag, and the higher marine divisions, 
especially the Norwich Crag, have yielded a good many contem¬ 
poraneous species. We thus find in the British Pliocene strata 
three distinct mammalian faunas—that of the Nodule Bed (the 
base of the Lower Pliocene ?)—that of the Norwich Crag (the 
middle of the Upper Pliocene)—and that contained in the 
Cromer Forest-bed (top of Upper Pliocene). Of land and fresh¬ 
water mollusca a few are found in the Coralline Crag and 
Walton Crag ; they are common in the upper Crags ; and are 
well-represented in the Forest-bed. Other land and freshwater 
animals, such as fish and beetles, are confined to the Forest-bed. 
Of the Pliocene birds we as yet know too little for any 
comparison to be possible. Plants are entirely confined to the 
Forest-bed. 
Thus there is still a great deficiency of evidence on which to 
correlate the minor divisions, for the most complete British 
Pliocene land fauna and fiora is but poorly represented in 
France. The principal French mammaliferous zones, on the 
other hand, seem practically unknown in Britain. No assistance 
can be derived from Belgium or Normandy, for their Pliocene 
strata yield no land mammals, except the few indeterminable 
fragments recently found at Antwerp. The nearest Pliocene 
land or freshwater deposit met with in France, is 4° south of the 
Cromer Forest-bed, its principal English equivalent, and 2° south 
of Dewlish. 
Some mammaliferous gravels of Upper Pliocene age occur at 
Saint-Prest, near Chartres. They have yielded Elephas 
meridionalis, Rhinoceros Mercki (R. megarhinnsf), Hippopo¬ 
tamus major, Trogoniherinm Guvieri, and Gervus carnutorum. 
