1876. ] 
DE. HOGG’s classification OP APPLES. 
91 
selves new, but are, in fact, well known to pomologists. Having been adopted by 
previous writers in their descriptions of fruits. They are all derived from the 
fruit itself, the parts brought into comparison being the Eye, the Seed-cells, the 
Calyx-tube, and the Stamens, these being supplemented by other characters de¬ 
rived from the form and colour of the fruit. The scheme, as published by Dr. 
Hogg {Journ. Hort.^ n. s. xxx., 185), may be thus summarised :— 
cl e f 
Fig. 3.—Apple Calyx-tube:— a, short conical (basal stamens); &, short conical (marginal stamens); c, deep 
conical (basal stamens); d, deep conical (marginal stamens); e, short conical (median stamens); 
short conical (median stamens). 
The Eye is the pomological term used to signify what botanists call the 
sepals or limb, and mouth of the calyx. It French it is called ceil. In many 
apples the eye is wide open, the segments being quite reflexed, and sometimes so 
much so as to lie quite flat on the surface of the fruit (fig. 1 c). In others, the 
segments are erect, with the tips spreading or reflexed, so that here also the 
eye is open (fig. 1 h). In another set of varieties the segments are erect and 
a b c 
Fig. 4.—Apple Calyx-tube:— a, short funnel-shaped (median stamens); 6, deep funnel-shaped (marginal 
stamens); c, deep funnel-shaped ; d, short funnel-shaped (basal stamens); e, short funnel-shaped 
(marginal stamens). 
connivent at the tips, forming a small cone, and this form is the closed eye (fig. 
1 a), in some forms of which the tips of the segments are spreading, and in others 
quite flat and convergent, closing in the eye like a five-leaved trap-door. These 
two characters form the primary divisions, thus :— Eye open or Eye closed. 
The Seed-cells constitute what is popularly called the core of the Apple, and 
i2 
