]S76.] 
eraddiok’s nonpareil apple. 
255 
long—until the end of April. In 1875 I had some specimens of Braddick’s 
Nonpareil fully seven and a half inches round, as shown by the outline sketch. 
Unlike the Old Nonpareil, it has a very short stalk. The eye is open, set in 
a basin at the crown; and the prevailing colour is russet, with yellow, and tints 
of red on the sunny side. 
I once grafted a scion of the Northern Spy Apple on a branch of Braddick’s 
Nonpariel, with the view of testing the common opinion that grafting a bad- 
bearing kind on a good one will render both equally prolific. But after several 
years’ trials, not only in this case, but also in others, both Pears and Apples, 
I found it was all in vain, the simple reason being that neither the sap-vessels 
nor the texture of the leaves undergo change by the process of grafting. I once 
had a large solitary spur of the Hawthornden Apple from a bud inserted into a 
branch of an espalier tree. The spur produced fruit true to its kind, and so did 
the spurs on the other parts of the branch ; those of the latter being red, were 
readily seen both before and behind the Hawthorndens. The result could 
not be otherwise, because the crude sap from the roots is not changed into proper 
nutriment until it has passed through the leaves | and moreover, it is during its 
descent in the vessels between the pith and young wood that each variety is 
supplied with its proper nutriment, which keeps it true to its kind, while at the 
same time fresh layers of wood are added to the whole tree. 
These remarks apply also to all kinds of grafting and budding, on whatever 
kind of stock. I think that a writer in these pages once mentioned that there 
had been too much heed paid to the operation of repeated grafting on stocks, 
with the view of producing fruitfulness. Howbeit, there is one thing in favour 
of the process, namely, that in this way scars or wounds are formed on the 
bark, and these serve to check the flow of sap. But in cases of too rank growth^ 
may not the same be effected by merely ringing oi* cutting the bark, a plan 
well known to our forefathers ?— J. WightoN, Cossei) Park 
