262 
THE FLORIST AND POMOLOGIST. 
[ Novembeb, 
then suddenly, some bright morning, admitting the external cold air too freely 
and too abundantly. 
Scalding .—This is a term^ applied to Grapes which appear as if they had been 
scalded. It generally occurs when the berries are about half-grown, sometimes 
it is but a few berries here and there which are affected, but frequently the 
entire side of the bunch is damaged, and we have seen cases of nearly the entire 
crop being lost, the berries being completely destroyed, as if scalded or parboiled. 
This is caused through late or imperfect ventilation on some bright, sunshiny 
morning, whilst the internal atmosphere and even the berries are saturated with 
moisture. The varieties most subject to this affection are Muscat of Alexandria 
and Lady Downe’s Seedling. 
Warts on the Leaves .—These are merely small green warts that form on the 
backs of the leaves, a sort of granulation or extravasation of sap through the skin 
of the leaf. They are injurious to the leaves, no doubt, as affecting respiration, 
&c., and are the outcome of some fit of ill-health on the part of the vine. This 
affection may be caused by a too close warm atmosphere saturated with 
moisture. A vine badly affected by it, is a long time in recovering. 
Bleeding .—This is an overflow of sap, and is at times so severe that the vines 
almost “ bleed to death.” The vine is furnished with an enormous supply of 
sap, which begins to flow very freely, and with great force, shortly before growth 
commences, and continues until the vine is about in full leaf. The cause of 
bleeding is late pruning. The pores being naturally open for the flow of the 
sap, have not time to heal over and close up before the sap is in motion. 
The best preventive practice then is to prune as early as possible. Never 
prune whilst the buds are swelling. 
Various methods have been proposed to stop or arrest this bleeding, such as 
charring the cut ends of the shoots or covering them with sealing-wax, cut potatos, 
painters’ knotting, or some of the various patent styptics. None of these, however, 
are quite effectual. It seems almost impossible to close these pores, or to arrest 
this extraordinary tide by artificial means. The painters’ knotting will check it 
to a certain extent, but some cases are so bad as to baffle all our feeble attempts, 
and these must be left for nature herself to cure.—A. F. Barron. 
GAKDEN GOSSIP. 
proposed to hold an International Horticultural Exhibition at Carlisle^ 
uJS in 1877, under the auspices of the Carlisle and Cumberland Floral and 
^ Horticultural Society. A circular to this effect has been issued by Mr. W. 
Baxter Smith, Chairman of the Provisional Committee, in which it is urged 
that the central position of the Border city, and its remarkable railway facilities, render 
it well suited for such a meeting, which, it is believed, will not only be encouraged by the 
leading local horticulturists, but will also be largely supported by the principal London and 
other Metropolitan exhibitors, as well as by those on the Continent. Thus a lasting impetus 
will, it is thought, be given to the practice of horticulture in the Northern counties, and a 
healthy spirit of emulation excited among local exhibitors, who would in this way be brought 
into friendly rivalry with the largest plant and fruit-growers of the present day. A Provi¬ 
sional Committee has been formed for the purpose of making the necessary arrangements. 
- ^HE Beggar^s Oah is the most picturesque tree in Bagot’s Park—a 
