12 
THE FLOEIST AND POMOLOGIST. 
[JANUAEY, 
qualities being so combined as to produce a delicious flavour; it ripens in the middle of October, 
and continues in use to the middle of November. 
Beun% Brown .—This variety bears freely as a standard 'when planted in a warm situation, 
but the quality is only second-rate. When grown against a south wall the flavour is delicious, 
melting, sugary, and buttery, combined with an agreeable acid; it weighs from 8 oz. to 9 oz., 
and begins to ripen usually about the 20th of October. 
Beurre, Easter .—This is one of our most uncertain pears, whether as regards the flavour, or 
the time of ripening. In some seasons it comes into use as early as the end of November, and in 
others not till the middle of January, or beginning of February, while very many of the fruit 
occasional!}’' never soften at all, and those that do ripen are frequently so insipid as to be unfit 
for dessert. When grown under the protection of a wall these defects rarely appear. The 
quality then, wdth some few exceptions, is melting, juicy, and sugary. The usual weight at¬ 
tained is from 8 oz. to 9 oz., and I have frequently known a single fruit to exceed these weights. 
—Alexander Oeamb, Tortworth. 
PERPETUAL-FLOWERING OR TREE CARNATIONS. 
(^^HESE beautiful and most useful plants may be increased by cuttings or by 
layers. The simplest way of getting up a stock of them is to place the 
old plants in a gentle heat, at once, and then early in February to take 
off the cuttings, put them in around the edges of 3-in. pots, in equal parts 
of loam, leaf-mould, and sand, water well, and plunge in a gentle bottom-heat 
not too damp. When they are rooted, pot them off singly in 3-in. pots in a 
mixture of loam, coarse sand, and rotten dung, and keep them in a close space 
until well established, after which harden them off gradually, and place them in 
a cold frame. In April, if the weather permits, plant them out on a piece of 
open ground, which has been well dressed with soot, dung, and lime, and trenched 
from 2 ft. to 3 ft. deep. Place a 4-ft. stick to each plant, which is to be 
regularly tied up, so that the winds and rains do not break it. By the middle of 
September it will be in a fit state to transfer to a 6-in. or 7-in. pot. 
After potting, the plants must have a good watering, and for about a fortnight 
should be placed in a shady place, being also syringed overhead twice a day in 
bright weather. When they are again established, place them in the sun on a 
bed of ashes, or on boards, but as soon as the autumn rains come on, get them 
under cover, giving them plenty of air. They should then commence flowering, 
and continue all through the winter and spring months, if assisted with a little 
lire heat and with liquid manure, which latter, when they are well established 
and the pots get full of roots, they may have once a week. They delight in 
being plunged in sweet dung, so as to keep the roots cool, and will root through 
the bottom of the pot, and over the top. Occasionally dissolve 1 oz. of carbonate 
of ammonia in a gallon of water, and water with this solution. If the plants 
are in a healthy state, the feathery roots may be seen on the surface in the 
course of a few days, after each application of the ammonia. 
The plants must never be allowed to get root-bound, which is the point where 
many good growers have failed with them. They must be kept shifted on, as 
soon as the pots get filled with roots, and should be placed for the winter in a 
dry, light, airy house, where they can get all the sun possible, without being 
