MARCH. 
51 
into by the lieels in a north border, with some litter handy for covering 
should frost set in. This covering with the snow on the top has preserved 
them quite safe, and I shall now have a good supply till the late hardy 
spring sorts come in. 
The universal destruction of vegetables this year has no doubt arisen 
from the nature of the autumn, for they kept on growing, and had no check 
from frost or drying cold winds till the end of December. Being so succu¬ 
lent, and the frost setting in so severely on the 1st of January, followed by 
the rapid thaw on the 6tli, .to be succeeded again by the severest frost of the 
season on the 14th, it is no wonder that rapid changes affected them 
injuriously. 
The most severe frosts of the last and present centuries have in general 
set in after wet summers and autumns, when the soil was saturated with 
water, and the rivers and brooks were filled to overflowing. 
I hear from every quarter that Boses, like vegetables, have been much 
injured or killed, especially the Tea-scented and Noisettes on standards. 
After the great destruction of Boses in 1860 and 1861, I was determined to 
give up the planting or propagation of the lumpy-headed standard ones, and 
only grow them on their own roots or budded low on the Manetti stock, 
as pillars or low bushes. There is no comparison between the beauty of a 
pillar Bose and a cabbage-headed standard one, and in severe frosts they 
are safe to spring again from the roots, or from where they were protected 
by litter or snow. It is astonishing what a little covering will protect 
tender Boses, when put on in the shape of fern, moss, or fir branches, and 
all who lose them in severe frosts have only to blame themselves for their 
want of care. 
The new Japanese Conifers and shrubs appear to have weathered the 
cold safely in this locality; likewise Araucarias, Deodars, Cypresses, and 
Laurels. One Cupressus (McNabiana) is much browned, as are Magnolias, 
Cotoneasters, and young variegated Hollies, while the only shrub really 
killed to the ground is the Sweet Bay. 
Welbeck. William Tillery. 
WEST YORKSHIRE. 
I am happy to say that very little injury has been done here by the 
late frost. The lowest degree of temperature recorded here was at ten 
o’clock on the night of the 1st of January, when the thermometer indicated 
22° of frost. The whole of the Coniferae here, with the exception of a few 
Cedars of Lebanon and Mount Atlas, have escaped unhurt. Among a large 
collection of Berberises, I find the foliage of some plants of B. Fortunei are 
browned ; a few plants of B. Wallichii standing in rather exposed places are 
also slightly touched. I never saw the common Laurels look better than they 
do at present, though in 1860 the greater part were killed to the ground. 
Portugal Laurels are also untouched. Some plants of Laurustinus and Bays, 
that were killed to the ground in 1860, are only slightly browned. Boses, 
of which there is a nice little collection, are all unhurt. Jasminum nudi- 
florum was splendid on the walls before the frost: all the late blooms which 
were not expanded are now out beautifully and look very gay and cheerful. 
I find the Golden Variegated Vinca is a good deal cut up. Tritomas have 
also suffered much. I have not found a single bud on any of the fruit trees 
out-doors in the least injured by the frost. In 1860, not only were the buds 
injured, but whole branches, and in some places whole trees, were killed by 
