OCTOBER. 
285 
most successful. He had been long subject 
to an internal affection, under the influence 
of which his naturally robust constitution 
at last gave way, after he had nearly reached 
the age of three score and ten years. He 
was ‘buried on August 24th, in the pretty 
parish churchyard of Hertingfordbury. 
Me. William Chapman, whose death we 
regret to have to record, was for fifteen years 
gardener at Eaton Hall, Rutland, and latterly 
has occupied the position of chief gardener to 
H.H. Halim Pacha, at Shobrah, Eg\pt. His 
death took place on September 3rd, in the 
fiftieth year of his age. 
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS. 
Stove and orchid-house. 
The temperature may range from 6-5° to 
70° at night; in the day time give air when the 
temperature reaches 80°, so that the thermo¬ 
meter may never much exceed 90° even by 
sun heat. Justicias, Aplielandras , Gesneras , 
Allamandas, and such like, will now be coming 
into bloom, and with an admixture of choice 
foliaged plants a good display may be kept 
up for a considerable time, affording a strong 
contrast with dreary winter and its effects out 
of doors. Orchids. —These will generally be 
at rest, but gome Lselias and Cattleyas will 
be coming into bloom ; their expansion should 
be assisted by a moderate amount of mois¬ 
ture and heat, but when in flower they should 
be kept rather dry. 
GREENHOUSE. 
Cold nights may be expected to occur now 
at any time, and, therefore due preparation 
should be made, so that all plants may be 
secured at the shortest possible notice. Ac¬ 
cordingly, plants introduced from pits and 
frames to the greenhouse, and now getting 
out of flower, should be removed. In arrang¬ 
ing the plants to be introduced, let the hard- 
wooded and narrow-leaved be kept together, 
as they may thus be placed closer than if 
mixed with broad-leaved and herbaceous ones. 
Give air night and day so long as the thermo¬ 
meter out of doors does not fall below 45°. To 
dry the air of the house, let it be warmed so 
as to be above the temperature of the external 
air, and with the circulation induced the 
superfluous moisture will be swept away. 
Heaths and other plants liable to suffer from 
damp and mould should have a very circulation 
of air, and the atmosphere of the house ought 
to be occasionally impregnated with flowers 
of sulphur. Before taking the plants to their 
winter quarters they should be carefully 
cleaned, and the surface of the soil in the pots 
should be removed and replaced with fresh; 
at the same time the pots ought to be washed 
and made perfectly clean, not only for the 
sake of appearance, but also for the health of 
the plants. Camellias and Azaleas should 
now be prepared for their winter quarters by 
placing them in a pit or some suitable com¬ 
partment where they can be fumigated several 
times at intervals of two days ; successive 
broods of insects, if any exist, will thus stand 
little chance of escaping destruction. Let 
them be afterwards strongly syringed. Cine¬ 
rarias do not require much heat at this sea¬ 
son ; a cool pit or frame, placing them near 
the glass, is suitable for them till winter sets 
in. In the course of the month they will re¬ 
quire a shift, using light rich soil. Pelargoniums 
should be encouraged to make growth during 
this and the ensuing month, and then allowed 
to go to rest in December; but whilst grow¬ 
ing they should not be crowded, but kept in 
a house dry and well aired, but not too cold. 
Repot and stop as may be seen necessary. 
CONSERVATORY. 
Give air in abundance whilst the weather 
continues favourable. Climbers should be 
pruned of all superfluous shoots, in order that 
they may be trained or tied up, so as to admit 
of more light to plants that must now be 
taken in from out of doors. Previously any 
that are in tubs should be examined to see 
that they are in a proper state as regards 
drainage. The borders and paths should be 
kept thoroughly clean. Fire heat will only 
be necessary to dry up moisture till frosts set 
in, which, however, it should be borne in 
mind, is sometimes the case towards the end 
of the month. Pot Bulbs for winter and 
spring flowering. 
PITS AND PRAMES. 
Rooted cuttings that are accommodated in 
these should have plenty of air, so that they 
may not make a rapid weakly growth. Keep 
the young stock near the glass, and see that 
the pots are well drained. The plants should 
have no more pot room than can be well filled 
with roots before winter, this will ensure 
complete drainage and prevent damping off. 
FORCING. 
Vines. —Grapes for late vineries are gene¬ 
rally selected from late varieties, and these 
contain, even when coloured, a good deal of 
acidity in their native climate, till gradually 
converted into rich saccharine quality by the 
rays of a hot sun reflected from a baked soil, 
from which heat is radiated night and day; 
the Grapes, however, are in a medium so dry 
and airy that they neither shank nor rot, but 
are rather transformed into raisins. The con¬ 
ditions under which Grapes become such 
need not, if it were possible, be carried so far 
