4 
SECOND YARKAND MISSION. 
said, to inhabit Ladak; they are found in other parts of Tibet or in Kashmir, and the list 
even of the larger mammals is incomplete, as neither of the two kinds of antelope is 
included. 
Dr. Leith Adams, 1 in his “ Remarks on the Habits and Haunts of some of the 
Mammalia found in various parts of India and the West Himalayan Mountains,” gives 
many details concerning the animals of Ladak. The scientific names, taken from the British 
Museum, are, however, often different from those used by naturalists at the present day. 
In his “Wanderings of a Naturalist in India,” 2 the same author describes his visit to 
Ladak, and notices the principal mammals observed during his journey, with many notes of 
interest concerning their distribution and habits. Heads of several of the larger ma mmalia 
of Ladak are well photographed in Kinloch’s “Large Game Shooting in Thibet, &c.” 3 
Kashmir proper, or the valley of the Upper Jhelum, is the only part of the country 
traversed by Dr. Stoliczka that is included in the area of which the fauna was described in 
Jerdon’s “Mammals of India.” 4 It is hut very rarely that a reference to the mammals of 
Western Tibet is to he found in Mr Blyth’s writings, although he procured many animals 
from the eastern part of that country. 
The only writer, previous to Dr. Jerdon, who gave any general account of the Kashmir 
mammals was Dr. A. Wagner, who compiled a list mainly from the notes and collections of 
Ereiherr von Hiigel. This account was published as one of the appendices 5 to Yon Hiigel’s 
“ Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek.” 
In Dr. Ealconer’s “ Palaeontological Memoirs ” 6 there are a few notes, written many 
years previously, on some of the animals of Kashmir and Ladak. Good descriptions of the 
stag, musk deer, ibex, marten, Tibetan hare, and marmot are given; hut the names proposed 
had been preceded by others before the notes in question were published, and the only new 
term which has been adopted is that for the Kashmir stag, separately published by 
its proposer. 
Erom the data already noticed, and some notes supplied by Mr. Shaw, Dr. Scully, Cap¬ 
tain Trotter, Captain Bidclulph, Dr. Cayley and others, the following lists are compiled. 
1- Kashmir. —The area comprises the whole of the Upper Jhelum drainage, from the 
Pir Panjal range on the south to the Zanskar range, forming the watershed between 
Kashmir proper and Ladak (Dras, Zanskar, &c.) on the north. In the following list the 
animals observed by Yon Hiigel, Jerdon, and others are included. 7 The list of the larger 
animals is probably complete, or nearly so. An Indian or Tibetan form may occasionally stray 
across the mountains, hut the species inhabiting the valley and the mountains around are 
for the most part well known. Of the smaller animals, however, much additional information 
is desirable. Considering how many English resort annually to Kashmir, it is surprising that 
our knowledge of the fauna is not more accurate. 
Chikoftera. 
Megaderma lyra. Vesperugo serotinus. 
Vespertilio longipes. V. pipistrellus. 
1 P. Z. S., 1858, p. 512. 
2 Edinburgh, 1867. 
3 London, 1869, 2nd series, 1876. 
4 Eoorkee, 1867. 
5 Vol. iv, pt. 2, 1844, pp. 567-581. 
6 London, 1868, Vol. i, pp. 576-586. 
7 I am indebted to Mr. Lydekker for assistance in drawing up this list. 
