MAMMALIA. 
11 
Order CHIROPTERA. 1 
It could not be expected that many species of this order, of which fully two-thirds are 
limited to the tropical and sub-tropical parts of the earth, would be found in the cold and 
desert regions traversed by the expedition. Accordingly, the collection contains but six 
species ; and of these one was obtained only in Kashmir. All belong to one family, the Ves- 
pertilionidce, and all are well known European forms, or differ so slightly from their European 
allies, that they cannot be considered more than sub-species or varieties. The fur exhibits 
superficially the same pale colour in all the specimens which were obtained in dry sandy dis¬ 
tricts, a very constant character in bats inhabiting desert regions, as the writer has frequently 
pointed out. 
Family— VUSPERTILIONIDJE. 
1. Yesperugo pipistrellus. 
Vespertilio pipistrellus, Sclireb. Saugth. I, p. 167, PI. 54, (177b). 
Vesperugopipistrellus, Dobson, Monograph of Asiatic Chiroptera, p. 95 ; and Cat. Chiropt. Brit. 
Mus., 1878, p. 223. 
Yangihissar, between Kashghar and Yarkand: Kashmir. 
The collection contains a large number of specimens of this species, which is so widely 
distributed in Northern Europe and Asia. Those taken in the Yarkand region have the 
terminal half of the fur covering the back very pale yellowish-brown, almost buff, and 
the extremities of the hairs of the under surface are so fight-coloured as to appear almost 
white in alcohol; while the specimens obtained in Kashmir are very dark coloured through¬ 
out, the extremities of the hairs being of a slightly paler colour than the base. The Kash¬ 
mir specimens resemble V. abrcim'ds in the comparatively shallow emargination of the upper 
third of the outer side of the ear-conch. 
2. Yesperugo borealis. 
Vespertilio borealis, Nillson, Ilium. Fig. Scandin. Fauna, haft 19, pi. 36 (1838). 
Vesperugo nilssoni, Keys. Bias. Wiegm. Archiv., 1839, p. 315. 
Vesperugo borealis, Dobson, Mon. As. Chiropt., p. 105 ; Cat. Chiropt. B. M., p. 203. 
Yangihissar and Kizil, Eastern Turkestan. 
Although this species, the most northern of European and Asiatic bats, has not hitherto 
(so far as I can determine) been reported from any locality south of the Harz mountains 
in Europe and the Altai Range in Asia, I find in the collection three specimens of a bat 
which must be considered examples of it. They differ slightly in a few characters from 
specimens of V. borealis preserved in the museums, but not sufficiently so, in my opinion, to 
constitute a distinct species. In them the tragus reaches its greatest width slightly below 
the middle of the inner margin ; the post-calcaneal lobe is very narrow ; the edge of the 
1 All the identifications and notes on this order are by Mr. G. A. Dobson, M. A., m. b. 
