XXIIJ 
2. Submerged or floating water pis. FIs solitary or 
in spikes. 
108. Naiadacese. FIs monoecious or dioecious, male fls 
with a perianth. Sta. 1. Ovary 1. Seed exalbuminous.—Sub¬ 
merged pis. 
107. Potamace8B. Perianth 0 (in Potamogeton the anther- 
appendages resemble a perianth), or the female fl. with a cam- 
panulate, membranous perianth. Stas 1—4. Ovaries several. 
Seed exalbuminous.—Water pis having Is. 
109. Lemnacese. Small floating pis without Is, and with 
flattened articulate stem (frond). Perianth 0. Seed albuminous. 
3. Grasses or glumacece with narroiv Is. Fls surrounded 
by glumaceous bracts, solitary or in spikes. — Fr. 
a 1-seeded achene. Seed rich in albumen. 
120. Cyperaceae. Fl. in the axil of a single glume. An¬ 
thers fixed by their bases to the top of the filaments. Style 1, 
div. into 2—3 stigs.—Stem gen. 3-cornered, nodes 0 or in¬ 
distinct. Sheaths closed. 
121. Grammese. Each fl. between 2 glumes. Anthers fixed 
by their centres. Styles gen. 2.—Stem gen. round, with node¬ 
like articulations. Sheaths gen. open, their inner membrane 
prolonged at the base of the Is into a membranous tongue (ligule). 
Gymnosperms. 
122. Conifer* (Gnetaceae, Taxinese, Cupressineee, Abie- 
tineae). Fl monoecious or dioecious; the males in catkins, the 
females solitary (Taxus), or in cone-shaped or berry-like catkins. 
Perianth 0 (except in Ephedra). Lig. pis gen. with acicular Is. 
Vascular cryptogams. 
1. Spores, some large (1 in each sporocarp), some 
small (numerous in each sporocarp).—Pis 
creeping in the mud or (Salviniaceae, which 
are not found in this country) floating in the 
water, of very varying habit. Hydropterides. 
123. Marsiliace*. Sporocarps at the bases of Is, enclosed 
in a fruit-like envelope. 
2. Sporocarps containing several spores, solitary 
in the leaf-axils. Bryopterides. 
124. Isoetese. Rhizome short, bulbous, with much longer, 
subulate Is. Sporocarps of two sorts, the one with large spores, 
the other with smaller, more numerous ones. 
125. Selaginellacese. Habit of the following family but spo¬ 
rocarps as in the last. 
