Composite. 
223 
— FIs pale yellow or yellowish white (rarely in C. ole- 
raceum and C. Erisithales tinged with red) . 10 
7. La very white-tomentose underneath, glabr. above, un- 
div. or inciso-pinnatifid, with narrow lobes, strongly 
inclined forwards.—Alp.; G. T. AY. U. 6 
heterophyllum All. 1239. 
— Ls green underneath or with a slight gray-webbed to- 
mentum . . . . . . . 8 
8. Stem stunted, apparently 0 and the head sessile on the 
spreading rosette of ls, rarely (v. caulescens) up to 
15 cm and more, and then leafy throughout its whole 
length. Cor.-limb distinctly shorter than its tube.—Pas¬ 
turages, fields, especially of the mount, and subalp. 6 
acaule All. 1240. 
— Stem 30—100 cm, leafless in the upper portion. Cor.- 
limb longer than the tube ..... .9 
9. Rt-fibres thickened in the middle like a spindel. Ls 
with a slight gray-webbed tomentum underneath, not 
clasping or half-clasping, pinnnati-fid or -partite, with 
2—3-lobed divisions. Stem bearing 1—3 (rarely several) 
heads, on long peduncles.—Damp fields; Geneva. J. Z. 7 
bulbosum Dec. 1241. 
— Rt-fibres filiform. Ls of the same colour on both sides, 
auricled-clasping, undiv., or toothed or deeply pinnati- 
fid, with lobes never div. Heads gen. 2—4, clustered, 
rarely solitary and with long peduncles.—As the last; 
especially Jura and subalp.: fairly distrib. (wanting in 
G.). 7.rivulare Link. 1242. 
10 (6). Stem not leafy in the upper portion. Heads drooping, 
not surrounded by floral ls. Invol.-ls keeled, glutinous. 
Ls pinnatipartite with numerous segments which are 
lanceolate and gen. spread at a right angle.—Alp., sub¬ 
alp. and Jura (wanting in W.). 7 Erisithales Scop. 1243. 
— Stem leafy up to the top. Heads erect, enveloped in 
fl.-ls ......... 11 
11. Fl.-ls (large, of a dirty green) oval, undiv. Invol.-ls ter¬ 
minated by a short soft spine.—Damp fields; ditches; 
everywhere. 7 . . . . oloraceum Scop. 1244. 
— Fl.-ls long, lanceolate, spiny, pinnatifid. Invol.-ls ter¬ 
minated by a long, strong spine.—Alp. 7 
spinosissimum Scop. 1245. 
OBS. The numerous hybrid forms of this genus admit of the following 
classification: 
1. Ls with small spines on the upper face: 
C. acaule-lanceolatum (snbaudum Ruhmer); C. eriophorum-lanceolatum 
(Gerh. Schultz bip); C. lanceolatum-oleraceum (bipontinum Schultz; C. 
subulatum Gaud, is, according to Rapin, C. oleraceum). C. lanceolutum- 
pnlustre (subspinuligerum Peterm.). 
