224 
Composite 
2. Ls without spines on the upper face. 
a. Ls more or less decurrent, 
aa. FIs red. 
§. Cor.-limb longer than the tube: 
C. bulbosum-palustre (semidecurrens Rchb.). C. Eristhales-palustre 
(C. Huteri and Ausserdorferi, Hausm.); C. palustre-rivulare (sub- 
alpinum Gaud.); C. palustre-spinosissimum (foliosum Rhin.). 
§§. Cor.-limb as long as the tube: 
C. ncaule-palustre (C. Kirschlegeri Schultz bip.). 
bb. FIs yellowish white, or white, sometimes slightly tinged with red 
towards the top. 
f Cor.-limb longer than the tube: 
C. oleraceum-palustre (hybridum Koch), 
ff Cor.-limb shorter than the tube, 5-fid above the middle: C. ctr- 
vense-oleraceum (sessile Peterm., Reichenbachianum Lohr). 
b. Ls not decurrent. 
* Heads without fl -ls. FIs red. 
§. Cor.-limb distinctly shorter than the tube : C. cicaule-heterophyllum 
(alpestre Nag.). 
§§. Cor.-limb longer than the tube: C. acaule-bulbosum (medium All., 
Zizianum Koch); C. acaule-rivulare (Heerianum Nag.); C. bul- 
bosum-rioulare (Brunneri A. Br.); C. Erisithales-heterophyllum 
(Tappeineri Rchb. f.); C. lieteropliyll.-rivulare (ambiguum All. 
nec Koch). 
** Heads surrounded by fi.-ls. FIs yellowish white or white, sometimes 
tinged with red at the top: C. acciule-oleraceum (rigens Wallr., de- 
coloratum Koch); C. acaule-spinosissimum (fissibracteum Peterm.); 
C. bulbosum-oleraceum (Braunii F. Schultz); C. Erisithales-oleraceurn 
(Candolleanum Nag., elatumSaut.); C, heterophyllum-olerctceum (affine 
Tausch.); C. heterophyllum-spinosissinunn (autareticum Treuinfels, 
Cervini Ivocb, Hallerianum Gaud., purpureum All ?); C. oleraceum- 
rivulare (preemorsum Michl., erucagineum Dec.) ; C. oleraceiim-spi- 
nosissimum (Thomasii Nag.). 
Also: C. acaule-Erisithales (tiroliense Treuinf.); C. Erisithales-spinosissi- 
mum (flavescens Koch, Gauderi Hut.).—Of ternary hybrids the following have 
been observed : C. acaule-oleraceum-rioulare (Jouxthal according to Nageli); 
and C. Erisithales-oleraceum-palustre (spontaneous form in the botanical garden 
at Zurich). 
324. Silybum. Milk Thistle. XIX, 32. 
1. Ls large, spotted with white. Invol.-ls refiexed, spiny. 
—Waste ground near dwellings; W. (Sion, Branson); 
otherwise occasionally adventitious 7 
lYlarianum Gartn. 1246. 
325. Carduus. Thistle. XIX, 35. 
1. Heads oblong or ovoid-oblong, decid. at maturity. (Ls 
pinnatifid, with broad, angular lobes, webbed-white- 
tomentose underneath.) Type of C. pycnocephalus 2 
— Heads globular or ovoid, not decid. at maturity . ,3 
2. Middle invol -Is rather broad at the base, then rather 
suddenly narrowed, without marginal nerves; dorsal 
nerve in the lower part 0.' Heads sessile, in clusters 
of 3 and more.—Geneva! 6 . tenuiflorus Curt. 1247.*) 
*) C. miCrocephalus Gaud, not Ten., (syncephalus Rchb.) which was 
formerly found in Upper Wall, is probably connected with this species. On 
the other hand C. tenuiflorus Gaud. svn. appears rather to be a C. pycnocephalus. 
