226 
Composite. 
sem'bling Cirsiura palustre from which it is distinguished 
by the pappus hairs which are not plumose.—Road¬ 
sides, rubbish-heaps; almost everywhere; b. mountains 
and subalp.; Jouxthal,Saanethal, Graub.? 7 crispus L. 1253. 
— Ls softer than in the last, gray-tomentose underneath, 
the lower large, lyrate-pinnatifid, the upper undiv., only 
toothed. Perenn. pis (rt-stock creeping). Wings of the 
stem narrower than in the last; outer ls of the invol. 
much longer.—Damp thickets and the sides of torrents; 
Alp., subalp. and Jura, also lower. 7 Personata Jacq. 1254. 
OBS. Hybrids: C. crispus-defloratus ; C. crispus-nutans (C. Stangii Buck, 
polyacanthus Heg.); C. crispus-Personata ; C. defloratus-nutans (Brunneri A. Br.); 
C. deflorat us-Per sonata (Bambergeri Hauser); C. nutans-Persoucita (Grenieri 
Schultz, bip.). 
326. Onopordon. Onopord. XIX, 44. 
1. Stem broadly winged by the decurrent Is. Heads very 
large.—Dry, waste places; not everywhere (wanting in 
U. L. A.). 7.‘ Acanthium L. 1255. 
327. Lappa. Bur. XIX, 31. 
1. Inner invol.-ls red, rather obtuse with a short super¬ 
posed point. Heads gen. much webbed, very much de¬ 
pressed at the base, in a rather dense corymb.—Rub¬ 
bish-heaps, embankments; not every where and in western 
Switz. almost exclusively in the subalp. 8 
tomentosa L. 1256. 
— Invol.-ls all terminated by a hooked point, or the inner ones 
only narrowed to a straight, subulate point. Heads glabr. 
or little webbed, not, or faintly, depressed at the base 2 
2. Heads arranged in a lax corymb (lower branches of the 
inflorescence long), fairly large. Invol.-ls all green. 
Petioles of the rad. ls solid. L. major Gartn.—As the 
last; fairly distrib. 8 officinalis All. 1257. 
— Heads in a raceme or almost in a corymb (the upper 
dense). Inner invol.-ls, or all, reddish in the upper 
part. Petioles of rad.-ls hollow. Type of L. minor 3 
8. Heads rather small, about the size of a nut. Invol.-ls 
exceeded by the fls. Achenes 5—7 mm long. Stem 50 to 
70 cm with erect-spreading branches.— b. pubens Bor. 
Heads rather larger, with longer peduncles.—c. alba 
Christ, hied. Heads smaller, fls dark red, ls white-tomen- 
tose underneath.—As the last; distrib. b. W. Y. c. Sion. 8 
minor Dec. 1258. 
— Heads about as large as in 1257 (but often partly sup¬ 
pressed). Invol.-ls about as long as the fls, broader than 
in the last. Achenes 8—11 mm long. Stem 100—300 cm, 
with spreading, finally almost pendant, branches. L. in- 
