Composit®. 
229 
— Ls undiv. or the lower sinuate-pinnatifid . . S 
8. Pappus 0 or rudimentary. (Appendages of the invol.-ls 
erect or loosely erect, rarely with their points bent 
outwards.) Type of C. Jcicea ..... U 
— Pappus present, at least V6 as long as the achene. (Ap¬ 
pendages of invol.-ls fringed-plumose.) . . It 
9. Appendages undiv., finely denticulate or lacerated, more 
rarely (v. semipectinata) the lower reg. pectinate-fringed 
and then the narrowed tip is slightly bent outwards.— 
a. genuina. Branches short, fairly thick, almost erect; 
ls green, elliptic-lanceolate.— b. angustifolia Schrank 
(amara auct. rec. an L.?*) Branches more numerous, 
longer, slenderer, more spreading; ls gen. gray-webbed, 
narrower, the upper almost linear, the fl.-ls shorter than 
the invol. Bloom later.—Fields, pasturages, road-sides; 
everywhere; b. dryer places, not everywhere, by pre¬ 
ference in warmer parts. 8, 9 . . Jacea L. 1275. 
— Appendages, with the exception of the outer leaflets, 
fringed-pinnate ....... 10 
10. Appendages almost entirely hiding the invol., of a 
more or less light brown colour. Differing from C. nigra 
in the presence of barren marginal fls (which are rarely 
wanting), in the lighter coloured appendages, not com¬ 
pletely hiding the invol., less reg fringed, with narrower 
fringes and broader disk, and in the pappus being either 
0 or extremely short and brittle. C. nigrescens auct. 
mult, not Koch.—Rather damp pasturages; Bale! Kreuz- 
lingen! and probably also in other places. 7, 8 
pratensis Thuill. 1276. 
— Appendages blackish, not hiding the invol. C. nigrescens 
Koch.—a. Candollii Koch. Appendages large, to a fair 
extent hiding the invol., so that the invol. appears 
darker, often almost black. See N. Beitr. Ill, 11.— 
b. Kochii F. Schultz (vocchinensis Bernh.!) Appendages 
small, distant, triangular, so that the invol. appears 
variegated with green and black.—Only on the other- 
side of the Alps. a. Yal Bedretto, Zwischbergen; b. dis- 
trib. in Tess. 7 transalpina Schi. 1277. 
11 (8). Barren marginal fls 0 (rarely present). Appendages 
lanceolate, upright or loosely upright, blaclc-brown, en¬ 
tirely hiding the invol. Pappus J /6 as long as the achene. 
—a. obscura Jord. Stem gen. simple ; invol. almost glob¬ 
ular.—b. nemoralis Jord. Stem gen. taller, branchy; invol. 
ovoid, with narrower leaflets.—Hills, road- and wood- 
sides; not everywhere (wanting in Gr. U. S.). 7. b. later 
nigra L. 1278. 
*) C. Gaudini Boiss. is an extreme form of this variety or subspecies 
with shining, almost white appendages. 
