3 
AVAILABLE PROGRAMS 
TAB 1--Frequency distributions, total individuals, mean, standard deviation, 
minimum and maximum values for each character in analysis. 
XYPLOT--Graphic plot of data from combinations of any two characters in 
analysis. 
HGROUP- -De signed to cluster profiles such that there is a minimum variation 
within the groups and a maximum variation between groups. 
BMD07M-- Determines whether the differences among the means of groups formed 
by Investigator or by "HGROUP" are statistically significant. 
PARTIAL CORRE--Computes both Pearson product-moment correlations and partial 
correlations. 
HYBEX-- Assigns a hybrid value to each character and totals these values to 
give a hybrid index for that plant. 
These programs are discussed in greater detail in the paper by Govoni, Dennis 
N., J. C. Anway, J. R. Sligo, and T. J. Humme1. Six computer programs useful 
in plant population analysis. Taxon, 19, 1970, 320-323. 
Printouts of the programs can be obtained from the senior author at the De¬ 
partment of Botany, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. 
COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION 
Atkinson, R. C. and H. A. Wilson. Computer-assisted instruction: A book 
of readings. Academic Press, 1969, xi + 362. A collected series of 
short papers on various aspects of the use of the computer as a 
teaching aid. Techniques described herein are equally useful for 
museum purposes, of course. One of the papers (Kopstein and Seidel, 
Computer-administered instruction versus traditionally administered 
instruction: economics) clears up a question left unanswered in 
MUDPIE no. 5 (p. 4) as to how the price per student hour might get 
as low as twenty-five cents. This kind of figure is based upon 
calculation of full-time student use working with rented computer 
systems. For example, Kopstein and Seidel use information on prices 
for use of an IBM 1460, with an assumed capacity of 20 student 
stations and an assumed use by the students for six hours per day 
for 22 days each month, plus use in adult evening education, plus 
use on Saturdays for nine hours. This gives a total of 8640 student 
student hours, with the total cost for data storage, information 
processor, communications and a computer operator amounting to 
$14,000. Division of the cost by the use gives a cost per student 
hour of $1.74. A museum considering setting up a service of this 
sort for its visitors should not expect its costs to be that low 
unless the usage would be that concentrated, of course. One would 
