1875. ] 
NEW JAPANESE EVERGREEN OAKS. 
199 
syringed with, a solution of Gishurst; whereas trees in a similar condition as to 
growth in every way, and alike operated upon early in September, formed numbers 
of bloom-buds the same autumn, and were completely studded with fruit-spurs 
the season after. This early root-pruning was proportionately more satisfactory 
than when carried out in winter betwixt the times above mentioned. 
This, and much subsequent practice of a similar character, convinced me 
that whatever has to be done that will in any way interfere with the roots of 
fruit-trees, either by removal or root-pruning to induce fruitfulness, should be 
carried out early in the autumn. Since then I have transplanted quantities of 
Pears , Apples , Plums , Apricots , Peaches , Nectarines; as also large Gooseberry and 
Currant bushes as early in the autumn as the wood was fully ripe, and just as 
the leaves began to show signs of falling, always with the best results. Apples 
and Pears that have been a dozen years planted without removal, if prepared a 
year before by cutting all the strong roots to within 4 ft. of the stem, and which 
are removed thus early, whilst there is yet time for them to make a little root, 
will frequently bear some fruit the following summer, and produce a full crop the 
ensuing year. Peaches and Nectarines , if removed with care, and all their roots 
so far as possible preserved, which can easily be done where they have not to be 
taken far, as in the case of a wall that may happen to become overcrowded with 
young trees that require thinning out—these if moved whilst } r et retaining their 
leaves, and well watered, will often bear a nice sprinkling of fruit the following 
season. Currants and Gooseberries , especially the latter, will bear plentifully the 
next summer, if moved early in the season, even if the trees are large, provided 
they are not old and beginning to wear out. 
I should strongly recommend all who have fruit-trees to remove, or who are 
contemplating fresh plantations of young fruits, to at once set about preparing 
for them, as when the work is done early it is more satisfactory every way, inso¬ 
much as there is more assurance of success, with less time to wait for a crop, 
—T. Baineb, Southgate. 
NEW JAPANESE EVERGREEN OAKS. 
f N continuation of the notes at page 89, we add figures and descriptive 
notes of one or two additional Japanese Evergreen Oaks, of which leaves 
were sent to us by Messrs. Ottolander and Son, of Boskoop ; and of others 
4 > which are cultivated in the rich collection of Messrs. Veitch and Sons, at 
Combe-wood Nursery, near Kingston, Surrey. The two first mentioned are from 
the Boskoop collection, the remainder from that of Messrs. Veitch :— 
Querous salicifolia, of Siebold.—This species is of bushy habit, many- 
branched, the branches being thin, and of a greenish-black colour. The leaves 
are truly saliciform, undulated, crenate, 4 in. to 5 in. long, and 1 in. wide. The 
young leaves are of a reddish colour. 
Quercus betifera. —In this Oak the habit is pyramidal, the branches being 
stout, and of a brownish green. The leaves are 4 in. to 5 in. long, 1 in. to 14- in. 
