SCIElSTiriC EESULTS 
OP 
THE SECOND TARKAHD MISSION. 
-♦- 
MOLLUSC A. 
By GEOBPEEY NEVILL, C.M.Z.S. 
I.—MOLLUSCA FEOM EASTERN TURKESTAN AND LADAK. 
T he following is a list of the molliisca obtained by the late Dr. Stoliczka in Central Asia and 
Ladak, while attached as naturalist to the second embassy to Yarkand; Dr. Stoliczka 
also collected a considerable number of shells in Kashmir and its neighbourhood; as, however, 
nearly, if not all, the land mollusca from those parts belong to our Indian fauna proper, 
I have thought it best to give a separate list of them. As was to be expected, the mollus¬ 
cous fauna of Yarkand proves to be exceedingly poor and entirely European in its affinities; 
the freshwater shells, indeed, are either identical with, or most closely allied to, well-known 
European forms; very nearly all the species are recorded from Turkestan in the account of the 
Mollusca of Eedschenko’s ‘ Keise.’ I take this opportunity of acknowledging the great obliga¬ 
tion I am under to Dr. E. von Martens, not only for a copy of the above work, of which he is 
the author, but also for a critical opinion on the species here recorded, of which I have availed 
myself in several instances. The only striking novelty is the new Succinea martensiana: its 
thickness and opaqueness of texture and its vivid orange-coloured aperture make it one of the 
most interesting and peculiar forms of the genus. It is interesting to find such characteristic 
shells as Selix plmozona and S. plectoto^opis extending southwards from Kokand and the 
Tian Shan Kange as far as Sasak Taka; even more remarkable are the new localities for '£upa 
cristata, originally found in the Sarafshan Valley; the absence of the genus Hydrohia from 
Dr. Stoliczka’s collection strikes me as noteworthy, especially as no species of Valvata^ on the 
other hand, is recorded by von Martens from Turkestan. The most interesting fact, however, 
seems to me to be the entire disappearance, on leaving Sonamarg on the confines of Kashmir, 
of the characteristic Indo-Malayan genus Nanina, which re-appears again (with two species of 
the sub-genus Macrochlamys) in the Sarafshan Valley; the same is also the case with species 
of Buliminus {NapceuB), JParmacella^ and Limax (?); the two last, however, belong to the 
European fauna and species of them are mere stragglers on the extreme north-west confines 
of India. Stoliczka remarks that the shells recorded as found in the Pankong Lake were 
taken from a “ stratified shaly and sandy deposit on the west side of the Pankong plain, about 
60 feet above the level of the present edge of the water and about two miles distant from it; 
